Budget Finance Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Budget Finance - Research Paper ExampleThe originator of the essay Municipal Budget makes the deep analysis of New Orleans, Louisiana. New Orleans Louisiana is a relatively small city, although the vastst in the state, with a pose of only forty-six in terms of the United States most populous cities. It encompasses five districts with one city council person each and two at large councilmen with the current mayor being Mitch Landrieu.The cipher then encompasses some 565 pages and is pretty much detailed and informative, with graphs and comparisons to similar sized cities such as Portland, Oregon and Atlanta, Georgia. It tells where revenues watch from, what money is spent and where, whether there is going to be a surplus (yes with a 2011 surplus of $500K), and whether there are to be each cuts in city services. The cipher also addresses two other(a) difficult areas. One is the situation faced by municipalities all over the country, that of the nationwide turning point begun in 2007-08 and act today. New Orleans has its share of unemployment woes at 8.3% it is slightly higher than the national average. With the unemployment comes hundreds of foreclosures and other abandoned buildings. Added to that is the fact the city is still hard to recover from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 which only adds to the blighted structures and a good portion of the citys budget is devoted to placing liens and demolishing these buildings. So yes, the current budget does give a very adequate overview of New Orleans financial position.... The budget then encompasses some 565 pages and is pretty much detailed and informative, with graphs and comparisons to similar sized cities such as Portland, Oregon and Atlanta, Georgia. It tells where revenues come from, what money is spent and where, whether there is going to be a surplus (yes with a 2011 surplus of $500K), and whether there are to be any cuts in city services. The budget also addresses two other difficult areas. One is the situation faced by municipalities all over the country, that of the nationwide recession begun in 2007-08 and continuing today. New Orleans has its share of unemployment woes at 8.3% it is slightly higher than the national average. With the unemployment comes hundreds of foreclosures and other abandoned buildings. Added to that is the fact the city is still trying to recover from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 which only adds to the blighted structures and a good portion of the citys budget is devoted to placing liens and demolishing these buildings. So yes, the current budget does give a very adequate overview of New Orleans financial position. By far and away, the biggest expenditures from New Orleans budget are public safety, fire, police, and other emergency services. For the 2012 budget, when taken from the Adopted General Fund Expenditures public safety accounts for over half of that budget, sixty per cent. Even when considered as part of the entire budget (general and non-general, public safety still accounts for thirty five per cent. Of the divisions within that department, the police have the biggest slice, budgeted for 2012 at almost $119 million, an increase of nine per cent over 2011.

Critical literature on impact of training and development on employee review

Critical on impact of training and development on employee job procedure - Literature review ExampleReference11Bibliography12IntroductionThe main purpose of the project is to bring forth a critical analysis of the impact of training and development programs on the performance of employees in organisations. Human Resources retain played a major role in the economical development of a number of nations. Nations like Britain, Japan and regular army have demonstrated immense economic growth in this regard (Brewster, Mayrhofer & Morley, 2004, p.17). Thus, it implies that nations would attain greater and faster economic development on the grounds that they succumb greater attention to train its human resources. The project presents the supporting as well as the opposing views on this subject by using relevant literature. Research QuestionThe present research seeks to find the impact of training and development programs on the performance of employees in organisations. The research que stion is as followsDo training and development programs improve job performance of employees in organisations? Literature ReviewOverview of TrainingIn order to maintain a sustainable economic growth as well as an effective performance, the employees contribution towards the goals and objectives of the organisation is required to be optimized. Leading writers have emphasised and recognised the importance and unavoidableness of training as the central role played by the management in organisations. Drucker, (1998), have commented that one of the major contributions expected from the managers is to set the vision for the employees and in any case enhance their ability to perform (Laing, 2009, p.17). The very first step in the designing of a training and development program includes conducting a needs assessment. It includes assisting the impertinently recruits in the workplace with the necessary skills and responsibilities (Kuther & Morgan, 2009, p.103). It is crucial to identify th e need in this regard which can be done in several manners. Generally, it is identified as the gap between the present position and which is needed now and also in future (Miller & Osinski, 2002, p.1). The gaps include discrepancies between what the organisation wants and what actually occurs. It is also obstinate by the difference between the current and the desired performance of employees. The difference between the present and the desired competencies of employees also gives an estimate about the training needs. several(prenominal) views were collected pertaining to the identification of the key drivers of the training initiatives like the training quality, inputs, extent of interaction and targets over the last few years. The results revealed that the most important determinants were health and safeguard, technical changes and customer service. It implies that organisations were primarily found to be using training and development programs for retaining and motivating employe es and also for providing the necessary skills and knowledge to the employees to keep themselves at par with the changes in technology and customer service (Miller & Osinski, 2002, p.1). The Training and Development Process In order to ensure that the new and also the experienced employees have the required knowledge and skills for successful performance of their jobs, organisations undertake investments in training programs. Research reveals that the organisations productivity bears a direct relation with the amount of investments it makes on employees (Bohlander & Snell, 2009, p.306). Recently, Merrill lynch completely overhauled its training program towards the financial advisors to ensure they would be in a better position to serve their clients. The program included training of four-card monte Carlo analysis

Electronic health record Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electronic health record - Essay ExampleAlthough transfer of records into electronic forms began in 1960s, however, since last few years, governments and healthc atomic physical body 18 organizations are putting efforts to ensure a standardized implementation of electronic health records that has resulted in debates and discussions regarding their benefits and possibilities. In this regard, this paper is an attempt to contribute in the same rain buckets that will include discussion on electronic health records. Specifically, analysis (Green & Bowie, pp. 107-116) has indicated that a number of healthcare organizations deport records of their patients in electronic form however, experts have identified that few specific components should be present, in order to fork up a legal status to the EHR, and thus, absence of any essential component may result in its illegality. In this regard, experts believe that it calls for an initiative on national or state level to promote such pract ice of maintaining electronic health records that although will be a challenging process but will result in long-term benefits. However, studies (Green & Bowie, pp. ... Thus, it is imperative that authorities should take steps to provide awareness to stakeholders regarding the importance of EHR in research, legal, and financial matters besides its significance in patient care. In other words, there is a need for healthcare organizations to withdraw an understanding of EHR as an opportunity rather than a requisite to enhance quality of care. In particular, provision of inclusive, consistent, important, and reachable information is one of the major factors of succeeder in healthcare industry, and EHR can play a pivotal role in allowing the organizations to fulfill this requisite in their capacities (Busch, pp. 23-46). In addition, it is observation that EHR indicates huge voltage for organizational savings and experts have already indicated its potential for reducing or even elimin ating inefficiency on the workplace level, as studies have indicated a huge number of issues due to dependence of clinicians on paper-based health records. However, as paper-based health record maintenance has benefits and loopholes, it is the same in case of EHR. The major issue in transitioning from manual of arms to electronic is lack of awareness, especially technological awareness that is the foremost requisite for EHR that has been the major barrier in successful transition to EHR automated environment. Reports have pointed reveal that electronic health record systems require continued updating in terms of its technology, as well as in terms of its users awareness. However, besides this barrier, EHR has a number of different benefits that dominate it over manual health records. In case of manual health record, healthcare organizations and providers

The US-Mexico Border Flow of Illicit Drugs Essay

The US-Mexico Border Flow of Illicit Drugs - Essay ExampleThe major aim of this cooperation has been to create intermission for illicit do drugss market in order to make the situation more difficulty for the illegal traffickers to manufacture and traffic the drugs to the US. The US has been providing the Mexican administration with round projects and programs such as interdiction of shipment of cocaine which comes from South America, stemming the manufacture and carrying of opium poppy and marijuana. In addition to this it has come up with a program of controlling herald chemicals employed in methamphetamine production (Los Angeles Times).Mexico, over the years, had decided to curb the problem with no support from the US. This sensitivity of national sovereignty created difficulties for the two nations to draw good coordination for the counter narcotics operations. Later in early 1990s there was some improved cooperation while in 1998, the two countries concluded this by subscr ibe the Bi-national drug Control Strategy. They fill kept on cooperating to curb the flow of drugs across the border despite the challenges experienced (Luis).Despite the fact that the two countries contribute been putting so much effort to fight the flow of drugs from or through Mexico to United States of America through the US-Mexico border, thousands of tons of illegal drugs have ease been flowing from Mexico into the USAevery year. There have been fewer cases of reported seizures of this illicit business in the border over the past years. 1.30 JustificationSeveral challenges that the counter-narcotics face have prevented it from achieving its goals. One of the major problems is good cooperation and co-ordination between the two countrys authorities. s authorities. Creating this link would help to over come some of the barriers created in this war. This research seeks to cause out some of the major challenges posses which prevent the authorities from attaining a zero toleranc e to trafficking of drugs across the border and the solutions to them. 1.40 HypothesisBeing aware of the challenges and problems faced in the war against the flow of drugs across the border would help in understanding how to overcome them and eventually winning the fight against this vice. 1.50 Objectives1. To find out whether the illegal drug have still been flowing to US across the border without being seized. 2. To find out the reasons why this drugs are flown in without being noticed by the counter-narcotics and the authorities 3. To suggest what the authorities of the two countries should do to improve the situation. 2.0 Literature ReviewThere have been several efforts made by both authorities to cease the flow of illicit drugs. In 2000, the Mexican Authorities reported that the average amount of cocaine coming into Mexico which intention of transshipment into the United States of America has been estimated to be about 290 metric tons. The amount reported to have been seized in the US-Mexico Border is about 36 metric tons that year. The amount of quality marijuana as well as heroin manufactured in Mexico the same year is estimated to be about 9,400 metric tons per year for marijuana and about 19 metric tons for heroine. Reported seizures for marijuana is said to be about 2,900 metric tons for a year while for

A critical overview on Innovation and knowledge processes Essay

A critical overview on Innovation and knowledge processes - Essay ExampleLately, knowledge processes have been identified as an integral input towards innovation dynamicals. The following is a discussion on how knowledge management influences the innovation dynamics.The gurus of the subject proclaim knowledge management as a provider of strong roots for higher efficacy level in innovation dynamics. In particular with the ever rapidly changing dynamic and competitive markets that exist right away, Dalkir (2005) states that the businesses have to look forward for technological advancements, embedded with experiences of the past grey-hair individuals, holding experience of decades. The innovation dynamics existing today in the present century are bound to affect the current business outlook, and some of the most influential factors are as followsTherefore, it can be safely assumed that technology would have a significant impact on the way managers in the future entertain a situation. Innovation does not generate to the return but to the processes as well many a periods an innovative move in the process gives a big boost to the product features and entitlements. Innovation, at its grass roots is supported by knowledge management, and its description is discussed as follows.In accordance with the Harvard Business Review (1998), knowledge really defines the behind of innovation, leading in turn towards developing a competitive advantage, which is critical for sustainability in the markets. As illustrated from experiences and extracted from various literature, for survival and sustainability in a cut pharynx competition that exists today, it is critical for a firm to develop a competitive advantage though one would really want this to be un-replicable but today due to the existing advances in technology, spying and other advancements, it is not possible to retain a competitive advantage for a longer period of time technologies and

Role of Ammonia in Hepatic Encephalopathy Essay Example for Free

Role of Ammonia in hepatic Encephalopathy hearThe human colored is truly amazing, however little is ever said ab kayoed the organ. Most people probably wouldnt be able to station their liver if theyre asked to do so. The second largest organ in the body and weighing about 3 pounds, the liver is located right under your laugh at cage on the right side of your body. It is the only organ that is able to regenerate. While most organs replace damage with scar tissue, the liver has the big businessman to replace damaged tissues with new cells. The primary function of the liver is to process food that has been consumed into nutrients and filter out any harmful substances that may be the bloodstream.The liver is responsible for keeping our blood suitable for our bodies. With that understood it saddens me to say that there is an estimated 30 cardinal people living in the U.S. with liver failure. These 30 million people are unable to filter out any harmful toxins that may be flowing in their bloodstream. With time they may began to suffer from hepatic Encephalopathy. Described as episodes of confusion and altered levels of consciousness Hepatic Encephalopathy is caused by to an accumulation of ammonia water in the bloodstream that would usually be filtered out by the liver.Although Hepatic encephalopathy is completely reversible with treatment there are very few treatments available. Pharmaceutical have saved many lives finished experimental studies and treatments. Although very controversial many people choose to participate in these studies in hopes of increasing their chances to live a normal life in spite of suffering from an ailment. I chose to do my assignment on a double-blinded study on the use of Glycerol Phenylbutyrate (also known as Ravicti) in patients with Episodic Hepatic Encephalopathy.The study was completed by Dr. Don Rockey who is the Chief of Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina. While delivering his oral presentation which he titled randomise, Dr. Rockey mentioned the study results provide new insight into the importance of ammonia in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Based on its safety profile, Hyperions investigational drug, Glycerol Phenylbutyrate shows promise as a novel therapeutic agent.The study was conducted with a total of 178 patients selected randomly. 50 of who were on the drug Rifaximin which is a drug also commonly used to hold back episodes of heptatic encephalopany. 29 of the 178 patients were placed on placebo and the remaining 30 patients were placed on the active drug Ravicti. If effective those on the active drug Ravicti should expect to break fewer levels of ammonia in the blood, thus resulting in fewer episodes of heptatic encephalopany. Ho = Patients placed on Ravicti will see no change in ammonia levels in the bloodstream and will continue to have Hepatic Encephalopathy episodes.H1 = Patients placed on Ravicti will see change in ammonia levels in the bloodstream and will have little to no Hepatic Encephalopathy episodes. The results from the study conclude that among the 119 patients not on Rifaximin showed a highly statistical square reduction among treated patients with 10% vs. 32% (p= 0.003.) Among the patients in the active part of the study experienced fewer Hepatic Encephalopathy episodes 21% vs. 36% (p=0.021.) Those in the active study also reported ammonia levels to be significantly lower 45.7 vs. 58.15 umol/L, (p=0.0036) (p 0.01).A concern I noticed while researching this study is the accuracy of the statistical results since this study was two sided this means that curtain results were expected by both the tribulation subjects and its administers. This study was also done on a down in the mouth population of people, which is a bias in itself since the sample population lacks diversity. Factors like diet, environment and previous medications were not mentioned in the study which also can domiciliate to hepatic encephalopathy episodes. Another key factor that is important to gaining a reasonable sample through population is a correlation between test subjects. It was never mentioned in the article what type of liver failure the subjects suffer from nor did the article specify the severity of their condition.Works CitedAnnes, Shari. HALT-HE Study Underscores Role of Ammonia in Hepatic Encephalopathy.Drugs.com MedNews. Micromedex, Nov. 2012. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. http//www.drugs.com/clinical_trials/halt-he-study-underscores-role-ammonia-hepatic-encephalopathy-14702.html.A New and Unique Way to Measure Liver Function. Liver Disease Questions. Liver Association of America, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. http//www.hepquant.com/liver-disease-faq.php.

Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race and Ethnicity EssayPlease show how Segregation shaped the lives of African Americans during the time frame of reference 1870-1920. Please examine all faucet of society under slavery to support your argument. In the year of 1870, it was the re invention of slavery. America could not be built without economic. The south was steady a negative place and they failed to accept blacks. After decades of discrimination, the voting rights act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the defer and topical anesthetic levels that denied blacks to vote under the 15th amendment. The 15th amendment in 1870 gave African Americans the right to vote.The constitutional amendment passed after the obliging war that it guaranteed blacks the right to vote. It affected not except freed slaves in the south but the blacks that were living in the north who was not allowed to vote(3). The amendment was favored by the Republican political party since the votes of the slaves helped the party dom inates national politics in the historic period after the war. During the same year, Hiram Rhodes Revels, who was a republican from Mississippi, became the low gear African American to sit in the joined States congress when he was elected to the United States Senate.Millions of black men served in congress during reconstruction but more than 600 served in the states legislatures and many more held local anaesthetic offices(3). The Jim Crow righteousnesss were the era of struggle. The state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. In 1890, there was a violate but equal status for African Americans. Jim Crow laws followed the Black codes which restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans with no equality. During the reconstruction period, the federal law provided civil rights protection in the United States for the African Americans who had formally been slaves(1).In 1890, Louisiana require by law that blacks ride in reveal rai lroad cars. The state of Louisiana passed a law that required separate accommodations for black and whites on railroads, including separate railway cars. Plessy attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating in1890. Louisiana statute that provided for segregated separate but equal railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute(4).Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the states police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the state. Plessy filed a petition in the Supreme Court of Louisiana against Ferguson, take a firm stand that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments(4). The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson was one of a combination of rulings passed by the U. S and the state Supr eme Courts after reconstruction. many an(prenominal) of these decisions allowed and required Jim Crow segregation laws in southern states. At the highest level, the case was decided on may 18th in 1896, in favor of Ferguson and the state of Louisiana. The Supreme Court had given southern states all the permission they needed to let any remaining equality between the races fade away and be replaced by the Jim Crow laws standing(5). By the 1870s, many southern whites had resorted to intimidation and violence to keep blacks from voting and restore white mastery in the region.Beginning in 1873, a series of Supreme Court decisions limited the scope of Reconstruction-era laws and federal support for the Reconstruction Amendments, particularly the 14th and 15th, which gave African Americans the status of citizenship and protection. The Compromise of 1877 occurred after the Presidential Election of 1876, when Congress formed the Electoral Commission to resolve disputed Democratic Electoral votes from the South. The republicans agreed to enact Federal legislation that would spur industrialization in the south. They agreed to withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the south(5).They did this to appoint democrats to positions in the south and to appoint a democrat to the presidents cabinet. The Compromise of 1877 effectively ended the Reconstruction era. The Southern Democrats promised to protect but the political rights of blacks were not kept. The end of federal ruffle in southern affairs led to widespread disenfranchisement of blacks voters(4). From the late 1870s, southern legislatures passed a series of laws requiring the separation of whites from persons of color on public transportation, in schools, parks, restaurants, theaters and new(prenominal)wise locations.These segregationist statutes governed life in the South through the middle of the next century, ending after the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. The migration was a corner in the history of African Americans. It lessened their overwhelming concentration in the South, opened up industrial jobs to people who had up to then been mostly farmers, and gave the first significant impetus to their urbanization. The black migration began in the 1890s as African Americans left for cities such as Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and New York(8).The single largest movement of African Americans occurred during creation War I, when people moved from rural areas and small towns in the South to cities in the North and the East. Even in the North, blacks encountered violence at the hands of whites, who resented opposition for jobs and black economic success. Segregation and discrimination in housing, education, and jobs was pervasive in the North as well. From 1916, more than six million blacks left the South for other regions of the United States.Over the next fifteen years, more than one tenth of the countrys black population would voluntarily move north. The Great Migration lasted until 1930. This was the first step in the full nationalization of the African American population(2). The Klu Klux Klan is the oldest organization. During this time 1920s, there were still 85 percent of African Americans in the south. The Klan was created in 1871 by the Democratic Party to pr neverthelesst African Americans from voting the 15th Amendment. The Klan in addition became Americans 1st terrorist group and became an institutional part of American life and political colt.African Americans were intimidated and had concern towards the KKK. They hated blacks, republicans, Jews, etc(6). In the 1920s, many blacks had been brought to the south against their own will after the success of the northern states during the Civil War. Also, after the freeing of the blacks from slavery in 1865, a group was established which was designed to spread fear throughout the black population that still lived in the southern states. Most of the hatred was directed against the misfortunate black families in the south who were very vulnerable to attack(6).The white hooded KKK burnt churches of the black population, murdered, raped, castrated etc. They were rarely caught as most senior law officers in the South were high ranking KKK men. White people who were in contact with any blacks had a reason to fear the KKK because they would be after them as well for being what they called nigga lovers(6). The Black Americans tried to fight back using non-violent methods. The NAACP asked Washington for new laws to help combat the KKK violence but received very little help.In the 1920s Black Americans started to turn to the Back to Africa movement which told blacks that they should return to their native America. This was started by Marcus Garvey but the whole movement faltered when he was arrested for fraud and sent to prison. If African Americans were to move back to Africa, they would be giving the white America exactly what they asked for(6 ). African Americans drew to church. Going to church brought everyone impending to God despite everything that was going on in the 1920s. In 1865, blacks started to create independent black churches.The African Methodist papal and the African Methodist apostolic Zion churches claimed southern membership in the hundreds of thousands, far outstripping that of any other organizations. They were quickly joined in 1870 by a new southern-based denomination, the Colored (Christian) Methodist Episcopal Church. The church was founded by indigenous southern black leaders. Finally, in 1894 black Baptists formed the National Baptist Convention which was an organization that is the largest black religious organization still today in the United States(8).The blossoming of the Harlem Renaissance was during 1918 through 1937. Harlem is located just north of Central Park. Harlem formally was a white residential regularize but by the early 1920s, it was the becoming of a virtually black city. Har lem was a catalyst for artistic experimentation and a nightly popular nightlife destination. This was also an economic opportunity in New York(8). The Harlem Renaissance was a phase of a larger new Negro movement that emerged in the early twentieth century. The movement raised issues affecting the lives of African Americans through various forms of literature, art, and drama.Its influence spread throughout the nation and beyond that include writers and philosophers. Between the 1920s and 1930s, round 750,000 African Americans left the south and migrated to the north to take advantage of this movement. The Harlem Renaissance appealed to a mixture audience. The literature appealed to the African American middle class and to whites. Many critics point out that the Harlem Renaissance could not escape its history and culture. Its attempt to create a new one separates from the foundational elements of White, European culture.Social foundations of this movement included the great migratio n of African Americans from rural to urban areas(8). The Harlem Renaissance was exposure to the African American Art and culture. It is also unusual among literary and artistic movements for its close kindred to civil rights. The Harlem renaissance set the stage for the civil rights movement of the 1950s and the 60s. This was very much black culture exposure. The African American artists think to express themselves freely, no matter what the black public or white public thought.Since the 1980s, New Orleans has been the area for a new school of twist players, among them trumpeter Wynton Marsalis and his brothers, saxophonist Branford Marsalis and trombonist Delfeayo Marsalis. New Orleans has brought widespread attention to jazz and a new appreciation of the city and its jazz tradition(7). In the 1890s it was the beginning of the Mississippi Delta Blues. The blues is the generation of American Music. By the 1900s New Orleans Jazz was introduced. Jazz was first originally accepted i n France before anywhere else. Jazz was played by whites and blacks. Both races played jazz together.Jazz was for the middle class African American people(7). In conclusion, during the years of 1870 and 1920, African Americans still encountered a lot of continued discrimination against blacks in American and the separation of race. Through the Jim Crow laws and the segregation, Blacks kept it together through religion, and even music. When looking back at our history, African Americans had a great deal to do with the shaping of America today. Bibliography 1) Jim Crow Law (United States 1877-1954). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. Web. 09 may 2013. 2) Primary Documents in American History. 15th Amendment to the Constitution Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs Services, Library of Congress). N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 3) Fifteenth Amendment. History. com. AE television receiver Networks, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 4) Compromise of 1877. History. com. AE Television Networks, n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 5) Compromise of 1877. Information about The. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 6) The KKK and Racial Problems. The KKK and Racial Problems. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 7) A History of Jazz Music. A History of Jazz Music. N. p. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. 8) Notes.