Coursework On Hard Times :: English Literature

Coursework On ambitious generationTitle How does daemon present the education system in secure Times?How does this reflect life in Coke township?Hard Times reveals dickens increased interest in class issues andsocial observations. Dickens was extremely concerned with themiserable lives of the unequal and working classes in the England of hisday, and Hard Times is one of several of his novels that address thesesocial problems directly. On tryout the name, Hard times, animagination of multitude going through a embarrassing and rough way of lifeis revealed. This novel also reminds us of the hard times in theVictorian Times when children did not go to naturalize when education wasvaried according to social class- accompanimentory like schools for the poorand private tutors for the rich. Those that were able to have theso-called education suffered in the process. They were hale to learna lot by heart because every affaire was formal and mechanical. They were baffle through a factory-like process, hoping to produce children thatwere possessed of nothing but facts. non yet a sense of fancy andimagination. They were educated to get the cheerdamental principle of life because theywere going to be pushed into the outside world at a very young age of12 and above or even below. At the end of the day, the education wasworthless because most of the children died in the workhouse.Dickens used Hard Times to criticise the society for failing so manyof its children. Dickens argues against a mode of factory style,grad-grinding production that exterminates the fun out of life. Hebelieves that education should not be a thing of going through volumesof head-breaking questions and being put through an immense mannequin ofpaces. Hard Times not only suggests that fancy is as meaning(a) asfact, but it continually calls into question the difference betweenfact and fancy. Dickens suggests that what constitutes so-called factis a matter of perspective or opinion.The lac k of education for children and factory like process ofeducation has resulted to vast scores of building full of windowswhere there was a rattling and a misgiving all day long in Coketown.Coketown is portrayed in Hard Times as an industrial town withpolluted atmosphere and place where people have the same lifestyle.Metaphorically, Coketown means carbon town. In science the tidings cokeis another name for carbon. Dickens has described it asa town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which interminableserpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never gotuncoiled.In the above quote, the word smoke is the carbon produced from the

Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse Essay -- Young

Nathaniel Hawthornes teenaged Goodman Browns Apocalypse Most criticism and reflection of Nathaniel Hawthornes untried Goodman Brown centers on a good versus evil theme. Critics also debate interpretations of the main characters mind is Brown awake or dreaming. What is trustworthy is that he lives and dies in wo(e) because his belief in his righteousness isolates him from his community. It is also certain that Hawthornes interpretation of Browns mid-life crisis has equivocalness and leaves a reader with many different feelings ab off what and why certain things have happened. Hawthornes use of symbolism in his allegorical tale Young Goodman Brown causes the main characters revelations about the sin within his community, his family and himself. Young Goodman Browns jaunt into the forest is best defined as a kind of general, questionable allegory, representing mans irrational drive to leave faith, home, and security temporarily behind, for whatever reason, and carry off a chance with one(more) errand onto the wilder shores of experience (Martin). Brown has a tenuity that kills his naive outlook on life and changes him until his death. He has a missionary post to go into the forest and meet the devil. A mission that he begins out of curiosity and a deep need to see if the teachings of his childhood, his religion, and his culture, have gird him sufficiently to look the devil in the face and return whole (Hodara 1). The symbol of the forest, late at night, can be interpreted as the untamed regions of Browns heart where the devil roams freely as he roams in the forest. The forest is the devils ... ...ism. Vol 3. Detriot Gale, 1989. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Great Short Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Ed. Fredrick C. Crews. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1992. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Microsoft (R) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. Funk & Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Hodara, Alan. almost Thoughts On Young Goodman Brown. (26 Oct. 1996). Jone s, Madison. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Short Story Criticism. Vol 3. Detriot Gale, 1989. MaGill, Frank, ed. Critical Survery of Short Fiction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Salam Press, 1981. Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Short Story Criticism. Vol 3. Detriot Gale, 1989. Mikosh, Bert A., A View of Young Goodman Brown. (11-9-96). Segura, Gilberto. The Allegorical Goodman Brown. (11-9-96).

Health Care Reform Recommendations Essay

The topic of heath trouble reform is a highly debatable one. Many diametric organizations have diverse ideas on what is essential to ensure a successful healthc are system of rules is essential in the United Sates. After reading recommendations to advance health care reform from the Mayo Clinics (2008), The Wall thoroughfare Journals wellness Care CEO Council (2008), consisting of CEOs from multiple different medical examination organizations, and Americas Health restitution Plan (AHIP)(2007), the future(a) is a list of three recommendations considered by all to be effectual ideas for healthcare reform1. Access Universal Health Insurance A. A comprehensive health care reform recommendation of providing universal entryway to inexpensive, guaranteed, quality insurance plans for those non covered by employer-based programs. This plan would gestate individuals to buy insurance, giving them choice, accessibility, control, and peace of mind. B. This reform would require adult s to purchase individual(a) health insurance for themselves and their families. Employers could continue to participate by buying insurance for their employees or giving them stipends to purchase it.However, the individual would own the insurance. C. Appointing and independent procedure to provide coordination, oversight and education for individuals choosing insurance options. 2. Quality Reform the remuneration System A. Change the reimbursement system to reward preventive care and evidence-based care, and travel government efforts to no longer reimburse inappropriate, unsafe or supernumerary care. Define and measure desirable out devolves for most common diseases. B. Payment to providers should be changed in order to improve health and minimize waste.Create payment systems that provide incentives for various providers to coordinate care, improve care, and support informed longanimous decision-making. Models of payment should be developed based on the success of chronic car e coordination, care coordination teams, shared decision-making and episode-based payment. C. Change Medicare to a pay-for-value model. Redistribute Medicare payments to party favor physicians who perform well, as opposed to the current system that rewards volume not value. Paying providers based on value can help pose desired results such as great outcomes, safety, and service at an affordable cost over time.3. Affordability A. Poorly coordinated care too drives up cost when individuals seeing several health care practitioners receive the analogous diagnostic tests and procedures multiple times because one physician did not distinguish that the other already had conducted them. Access to information that compares the effectiveness and cost of treatments realize providers, patients and purchasers access to a trusted source where they can find street smart and objective information on which health care services are most effective and provide the best value. B. digest positive personalised health habit incentives.Lifestyles characterized by smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise in the atomic number 82 to obesity are key contributors to high health care costs in the United States. Childhood obesity significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood (CDC, 2006) and according to a study through by the Office of the US Surgeon General (2007), the complications from obesity cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer are estimated to cost $92 billion (Finkelstein, 2003) in wooly productivity per year whereas estimates suggest that the health consequences of smoking may lead to more than $75 billion per year in medical expenditures.C. Provide tax impute to individuals, families for the purchase of insurance, and to small business owners that provide medical coverage to employees. On January 24, 2007, while speaking about healthcare at Families USA, a healthcare advocacy group, then Senator Obama said The time has come for universal health care in America I am absolutely determined that by the end of the first term of the nigh president, we should have universal health care in this country. (Wikipedia, n.d). Senator McCain however, proposed tax credits and open-market competition as opposed to government funding control (Wikipedia, n. d. ) In equation, President Obama and Senator McCain, had similar plans in regards to cost and quality improvement. Both parties suggested the espousal of medical malpractice reforms, allowing drug re-importation, focusing on healthcare costs as a reflection of quality service, prevention and care of chronic conditions, and breeding/deployment of HIT.In addition to similarities in cost and quality improvement, both also believed that prevention is the key to creating a healthier population. Senator McCain focused more on individual responsibility in maintaining and healthy lifestyle whereas President Obama support increased funding to community based preventive interventio ns. Overall, a comparison of both parties preliminarily health reform plans reflect multiple similarities in widely distributed ideas of needed reforms to the United Sates current healthcare system.Whether by adopting a universal healthcare system or implementing changes to the current system extending coverage, lowering costs, and improving quality of care are all issues concur upon by both parties as needing attention. References Americas Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)(2007). Guaranteeing Access to Coverage for all Americans. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http//www. ahipbelieves. com/media/AHIP%20Guarantee%20Access%20Plan. pdf Centers for Disease Control and measure (2006). National Center for Health Statistics.Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http//www. cdc. gov/nchs/data/hesate/preliminarydesths05_tables. pdf. Finkelstein E. , et al. (2003). National medical spending attributable to obesity How much and whos paying? Health Affairs. W3 219-226. The Mayo Clinic Health Policy Cen ter (2008). Building Upon the Cornerstones Recommendations, action travel and strategies to advance health care reform. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http//www. mayoclinic. org/healthpolicycenter/recommendations. htmlThe Wall Street Journal (2008) CEO Council Shaping The New Agenda, Health Care. Retrieved 24 January 2009, from http//blogs. wsj. com/ceo-council/2008/11/23/health-care/ U. S. Surgeon General (2007). Overweight and Obesity Health Consequences. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http//www. surgeongeneral. gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences. htm. Wikipedia (n. d. ). HealthCare Reform in the United States. Retrieved 26 January 2009, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_care_reform_in_the_United_Statescite_note-152

Final Study Guide for Livanis Intl 1101

INTL 1101 Final Exam Study Guide Ameri bay windowization Consumerism, unmarriedism Ameri foot products and values ethnic imperialism? Trying to homogenize world? McDonaldization Fast- victuals principles dominant in American and different societies Uni dramatis personae standards Lack of human creativity dehumanization of kind relations Infantilization Benjamin Barber consumed Against ethos of infantilization that sustains world-wide big(p)ism turning of adults into pincerren through dumbed down advertising and consumer goods Targeting children as consumers Homogeneous orbicular products for schoolboyish and wealthy, and for children => soulless and unethical world(prenominal) consumerism in pursuit of profit Cultural homogenization More alike theory of effects of globalization western sandwich culture industry Homogenization of popular culture Can be within western societies (McDonaldization) Market for loyalties Regulation of communications to organize cartels of imaginativeness Domestic broadcast regulation maintains distri more(prenominal)overion of power National personal personal identity reframed to governmental views and cultural attitudes that maintain existing power structure Facilitates prepotency of mavin and only(a) ideology Cultural imperialism World patterns of cultural flow, mirror the agreement of domination in world economic and policy-making order non confined to the west see Mexico, Brazil (Latin America), India (East Asia), Hong Kong, Taiwan (China) Sustainable tuition Long- verge economic growth depends on c atomic number 18ful stewardship of the natural surroundings Environmentalists Liberalization= unequal economic growth, reextractions for debt, competition (race to the bottom), increased pollution, unsustainable consumption of resources, political unrest Free shell out Trade promotes growth and alleviates poverty= environmental benefits Elimination of cover barriers= increased value o f resources Environmental progress is easier to attain under conditions of prosperity Deterritiorlization of devotion Primarily caused by migration The case of Islam Islamic Ummah Re-islamisation as deculturalisation of Islam ( non linked to a particular pristine culture, global Islam) postulate for definition Islam to fit every culture By bridging the gap amid secularism and religiosity, Fundamentalism overstretches religion to the point that it cannot become embedded in real cultureFree handicraft and the environment Technological Change and Disease Transportation Short term travel 940 million tourists Meningitis 70,000 pilgrims to Mecca every yr, secondary pandemics upon decease Expensive sicknesss in create countries and eradicated indispositions in developed countries Medical technologies Greater col dig outation, more nurture BUT, crude technologies can be badly used Ebola in DRC, reliever epidemics in China from unsterilized needles Demographic C hange and Disease existence mobility Conditions that lead tribe to move be the same that favor the matter of infections (poverty, overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, introduce failure) Refugees sanitation, food, healthc atomic number 18 50,000 exsanguinous in a calendar month (Rwanda, 1994) Haiti cholera from Nepal? (4,800 mortalities) Long-term migration Disease to non-immune populations, and transfer of new disease gage interior(a) Eradicated diseases re-introduced Migrant workers in Africa (AIDS epidemics) Urbanization Megacities=megaspread Global economy and disease Global trade IMF/structural adjustments and liberalization reduces the role of governments ( virtuallyly in providing healthcare) Trade in food Change in dietary habits, convergence of tastes need for year-round availability of fresh fruit and vegetables Products from less expensive labor markets, worldwide ingredients and transport Food whitethorn be contaminated insanitary irrigation, pa ckaging practices, storage, non-indigenous crops more susceptible to indigenous pathogens E-coli in Germany 2,800 affected, 26 dead (91 in EU) Mad Cow Disease Environmental change and disease Climate change-global warming Higher ambient air temperature, precipitation/ humidity (mosquitoes) Water supply-dams etc Profound ecological changes that affects disease vectors-most dams associated with increase in malaria deforestation Increases contact in the midst of humankind and pathogens Decreases natural predators of disease vectors Increases in malaria (runoff body of water stagnant in pussys) Loss of biodiversity intertheme jihad and McWorld Dialectical nature one cannot exist without the different Babel retribalization Global jihad against globalization Disneyland Globalizations Jihad and McWorld rent war on the sovereign nation state Indifference to genteel liberty McWorld, focus on consumption and invisible hand for putting green good (rather than democrat ic institutions), repeal government regulations Jihad, bloody politics of identity, animadversion and hatred, paternalism and tribalism Neither global markets nor blood communities service public goods or move equality and justice Future? In the short run Jihad likely to dominate? In the long run McWorld dominates? Convergence of political ideologies? Triumph of liberalism? Convergence of political cultures? Triumph of Western several(prenominal)ism? Or greater divergence and even conflict? Ethnicity High ethnic solidarity uncoerced to redistribute resources within the crowd No master list what differentiates groups in one place may not be important in another Example in Serbia, parking lot language and culture, but religion divides (Hutu and Tutsi) Ethnicity as a tender constructionnot inherently political Ethnic identity Any specific attributes and societal institutions that retain one group of stack culturally different from others Language, religion, geog raphy, customs, history, and others Ascriptionan identity appoint at birth Largely fixed during our lives Clash of civilizations Samuel Huntington The Clash of Civilizations The conterminous world war, if there is one, will be a war between civilizations De-Westernization and indigenization of societies Hinduization of India and Islamic fundamentalism (Iran, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey) The Confucian-Islamic connection Kin-country syndrome (Bosnia, Iraq) Civilizations do not control states states control civilizations interpret the same events as Fukuyama, but made very different conclusions &8212 sketch 7 main cultures (and a possible 8th) equates culture with religion mint who share ethnicity and language but differ in religion may slaughter each other, as happened in Lebanon, the former Yugoslavia, and the Subcontinent. 1. Western 2. Confucian 3. Japanese 4. Islamic 5. Hindu 6. Slavic-Orthodox 7. Latin American 8. Possibly African Why will they clash? Differences are both real and grassroots (fundamental) World smaller due to globalization Nation-state as source of identity grows weaker Fundamentalist religion grows tougher Backlash against West enhances civilization consciousness Cultural differences less easily compromised than political and economic ones (can you be both Catholic and Muslim? ) Economic regionalism is growing Result unable to muster up support for governments based on ideology, turn to religion and civilization identity Environmentalism and the growth south Collectivity Irreducibility Characteristics of environmental issues Complexity Interpenetration, pollution down the road. blase and spatial un acceptedty What will happen in the future, how much is it difference to affect us. Irreducibility Holistic in nature, we cannot approach only one part, we drop to consider them as a whole. Spontaneity Things tend to happen speedy especially in environmental disasters. Collectivity Collective action problems, common pool resources, shirking/free-riding Chinese triad Food shelter All commonwealth at all times have physical and economic approaching to sufficient, self-nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and well-informed keep. (UNs Food and Agriculture Organization) Peak oil, blooming water, peak phosphorus, peak grain, and peak fish grand revolution Problems in beginning of twentieth c not producing generous food to feed expanding population Green Revolution 1950-1984 Development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains Expansion of irrigation infrastructure Hybridized seeds & synthetic fertilizers & Pesticides to farmers in developing countries Transformed agriculture around the human race World bucolic work more than doubled (world grain production increased by 250%) change magnitude fossil give the sack-based energy use inwrought gas (for production of synthetic fertilizers) Oil (for increase of pesticides) Hydrocarbon fuelled irrigation Unsustainable? (Malthusian argument) May not necessarily increase food security (other political causes) Promotion of monocultures, longing vs malnutrition Benefited wealthier farmers at the expense of poorer ones => urban migration Extensive use and abuse of pesticides and fertilizers associated with invalidating health effects (cancer) Land degradation, blot nutrients depletion Earths carrying might No one knows The Future of Food Film watched in class, google if cant remember GMOs Montreal Protocol The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That wash up the Ozone seam mandated that industrialized countries reduce their production and use of the five most wide used CFCs by 50 percent. Delegates agree to give developing countries a ten-year grace period, allowing them to increase their use of CFCs before taking on commitments Without the Montreal Protocol, global CFC consumption would have reached approximately 3 million dozens in 2010 and 8 million lashings in 2060, resulting in a 50 percent depletion of the ozone layer by 2035 Montreal Protocol currently rings for a manage phaseout of HCFCs by 2030 (does not place any restriction on HFCs) harness Trade Treaty 2003, Control build up Campaign was launched (Control ordnance. org) 2006, Control Arms handed over a global petition called Million Faces to the UN writing table General Kofi Annan 2006 2006, 153 states vote re answer 61/89 requesting the UN Secretary-General to seek the views of segment States (U. S. votes against, national controls better) 2009, UN General Assembly launches a time frame for the negotiation of the Arms Trade Treaty. U. S. osition overturned 2-27 July, 2012 (New York) Currently under final negotiations strike states to have national mechanisms for express authorization of international transfers of arm nullify transfers of blazonry that could violate human rights and international law Treaty disaster unite States said it needed more time to review the short, 11-page conformity text (Obama administration torpedoed the treaty exactly one week later the massacre in Aurora, Colorado) Not to export weapons to countries that are under an arms embargo, or to export weapons that would palliate the commission of genocide, curses against humanity, war crimes or other violations of international humanitarian law. Exports of arms are banned if they will facilitate gender-based military unit or violence against children or be used for transnational organized crime. The sides, now Nearly 120 countries, led by Mexico, issued a joint statement on Monday saying the overwhelming majority of (U. N. ) constituent States agree with us on the necessity and the urgency of adopting a strong Arms Trade Treaty.Our voice must be heard. The five imperishable Security Council members the United States, Britain, France, China and Russia issued their own joint statement of support for a treaty that sets th e highest possible common standards by which states will consecrate the international transfer of conventional arms. Important Points Ammunition. Exports of ammunition are cover in the delineate treaty but not imports. Self-defense. Some major arms-importing states (Middle East), expressed concern that their ability to import weapons could suffer if the treaty comes into force. Exemptions. on that point are a number of scenarios under which arms deals would be clear in the current draft, such as defense cooperation agreements (India) and gifts, loans and leases of weapons. Reporting. Current draft says countries will send reports to the U. N. on their international arms trade but does not call for them to be made public. China, Iran and others do not trust that information disseminated openly. The NRA says the treaty would undermine gun ownership rights under the guerilla Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. MalnourishmentObstacles to cooperation on environmental is sues (regime, actor, general) National Identity National identity is inherently political Defined as a sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations Often, but not always, develops from existing ethnic identity Sense enhancers Common history, territory, culture, economy, rights Why form? Ethnic group may feel oppressed Ethnic group may form a minority population These conditions may call for self-government Boat people Ozone success The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer mandated that industrialized countries reduce their production and use of the five most astray used CFCs by 50 percent. Delegates agree to give developing countries a ten-year grace period, allowing them to increase their use of CFCs before taking on commitments New scientific evidence late 1987 scientists announced that CFCs probably were trusty for the ozone hole 1988, satellite data revealed that stratospheric ozone above the heavily popula ted Yankee Hemisphere had begun to thin Changes in the pattern of economic interests Du Pont announced that they would currently be able to produce CFC substitutes Followed the next year by other large chemical manufacturers, including several in Europe major producers no longer opposed a CFC phase-out Lobbied for extended spiritual rebirth periods and against controls on potential substitutes Particularly hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)a class of CFC substitutes that take in ozone but at a significantly reduced rate. The ozone regime stands as the strongest and most effective global environmental regime. The worldwide consumption of CFCs, which was about(predicate) 1. million tons in 1986, was approximately 100,000 tons in 2010. Without the Montreal Protocol, global CFC consumption would have reached about 3 million tons in 2010 and 8 million tons in 2060, resulting in a 50 percent depletion of the ozone layer by 2035 HCFCs, and HFCs, are now fancy to contribute t o anthropogenic global warming Up to 10,000 times more potent greenhouse gases than carbon dioxide Montreal Protocol currently calls for a complete phaseout of HCFCs by 2030 (does not place any restriction on HFCs) Restaveks (or stay-withs) 300,000 children in municipal bondage in Haiti Forced Unpaid Overcropping Deplete soil by continuously growing crops on it Overpopulation Carrying capacity Estimates vary widely Inadequate fresh water Depletion of natural resources, especially fossil fuels change magnitude levels of air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination deforestation and liberation of ecosystems Changes in atmospheric composition and consequent global warming Irreversible loss of arable land and increases in desertification Mass species extinctions from reduced habitat in tropical forests due to lash-and-burn techniques (140,000 species lost per year High infant and child mortality. Intensive industrial farming evolution and spread of antibiotic loathsome bacteria diseases Increased chance of the emergence of new epidemics and pandemics. Low manner expectancy in countries with fastest growing populations. Unhygienic living conditions Increased levels of warfare Elevated crime rate Less Personal granting immunity / More Restrictive Laws. Demographic Transition If standard of living and life expectancy increase, family sizes and birth rates decline Later ages of marriage, careers outside child rearing and domestic work, decreased need of children in industrialized settings guide to increased worry about aging populations and decreased worry about future impact of population growth BUT, after a certain level of development the fertility increases again Fertility- fortune hypothesis Food vs. fuel Precision farming Soil erosion dropped, no-till seed planting flatten irrigation, level fields (eliminate runoff) Global positioning efficient harvest, less chemicals Citizenship Citizenship individuals or groups relat ionship to the state swan allegiance to the state State provides benefits People have obligations in return Ethnicity is fixed but citizenship is not Can be changed by individual or state Potentially more inclusive concept than ethnicity or national identity Three (ethnicity, citizenship, national identity) are often machine-accessiblean ethnic group forms the nation, and they represent the citizens of a country patriotism Nationalism as a pride in ones people and belief in sovereign destiny Seek to create or preserve ones own nation (political group) through an strong-minded state Sovereignty is thus key Example Great Britain Governments check out nationality 1707 The United Kingdom came into existence Yet there was no British nation since the people of the English isles were thinking of themselves as English, Welsh, Scots, or Irish. file name extension of the dominant English culture and language through the years created a sense of English identity. During th e 19th century non-English cultures were suffocated. Global fundamentalism Return to handed-down religious values as a reaction to modernity and global culture Restoration of sacred tradition as basis for golf-club Cultural au thusticity vs universalizing global culture Global phenomenon Modern phenomenon Fundamentalism vs globalization or fundamentalism as part of globalization? AIDS Peaked in 2005 with 3. 4 million deaths 35 million infected 14,500 new infections everyday Approximately 8000 deaths daily (3million/year) > 90% new infections in Global southward Global responses Millennium Development Goal 6 Combat human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Government-subsidized antiretroviral medications (Brazil, Argentina etc) Samaritans Purse The importance of Global wellness Partnerships Improving access to medicines Financing health activities BUT, primarily vertical (focus on specific diseases, and development/distribution of medicines) Retroactive does not focus on improving health care systems and primary care Multiplicity of donors and actors not aligned with government priorities International Organized Crime Effort to deed mechanisms of globalization Transportation and communications technology Aided by deregulating Possible through corruption of authorities, unethical practices of individuals and corporations Extremely large cabbage (and high risk) Global cities are main nations of activity (New York, London, Tokyo, etc. ) employ financial services to disguise criminal activities Defy the state, offer agree black market structure Deforestation Increases contact between humans and pathogens Decreases natural predators of diseases vectors Increases in malaria (runoff water stagnant in pools) (mosquitos) Loss of biodiversity Arms Trafficking Lack of international treaty regulating legal arms trade Illegal arms trade Arms fuel conflict and crime $60 billion a year industry Lack of crystal line data UN attempt to crush illicit trade of small arms Cold fight Preoccupation with nuclear arms control atrophied arms were not as widely disseminated End of Cold War Small arms surplus Warsaw Pact/NATO upgrades Difficulty in negotiations? U. S. position Nuclear weapons easier to negotiate Human trafficking Labor trafficking Sex trafficking Victims are primarily women and children Organ trafficking Trafficking of babies and pregnant women Baby farm in Nigeria sell for illegal adoption or for use in ritual witchery Child Soldiers Slavery A slave is a human being forced to work through fraud or threat of violence for no pay beyond subsistence. (Benjamin Skinner) Do you want a romp? Modern slavery More slaves now than ever before in history, 27 million Each year 50,000 children and teenagers enter the US against their will for purposes of sexual slavery (CIA est. ) Over 2 million trafficked slaves forced into prostitution and labor around the world 10 million slaves in southeastward Asia (many through more than one generations) until they pay off their debt 300,000 children in domestic bondage in Haiti Small arms Over half a million people are killed each year with small arms across the world In the United States 34,000 people are killed per year by small arms The cost of small arms on public health, in Latin America at 14% of GDP, 10% of GDP in Brazil, and 25% of GDP in Colombia. Registered homicide rates for Colombia, the United States, Brazil, and Venezuela among males aged 1524 have doubled in the in the end ten yearsMonocultures The agricultural practice of producing or growing a whiz crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labor. Monocultures can lead to the quicker spread of diseases, where a uniform crop is susceptible to a pathogen Sustainable agricul ture http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture Environmental change and conflict http//www. accord. org. za/downloads/ct/ct_2011_2. pdf Environmental security Environmental change is an important source of social conflict Many societies face more dangers from environmental change than from tralatitious military threats Security policies must be redefined to take account of these new realities Only by framing the environmental problem in security terms can the necessary level of governmental attention and social mobilization be ensured Security institutions could contribute directly to environmental protection, apt(p) their financial resources, monitoring and intelligence-gathering capabilities, and scientific and technological expertise Is there enough evidence to support the claim that ecological change is, or will be, a major new source of conflict? Proponents Environmental scarcities are already contributing to violent conflicts in many parts of the develop ing world. These conflicts are probably the early signs of an upsurge of violence in the approach shot decades that will be induced or aggravated by scarcity Opponents Environmental problems are a symptom of conflict-prone social systems rather than a root cause of conflict Are the advantages of linking environmental problems to security concerns expense the risk of militarizing a societys responses to environmental problems? Risks undercutting the globalist and common fate understanding that may be necessary to solve the problem If pollution a national security problem, then pollution by other countries worse than home born It is analytically misleading to think of environmental degradation as a national security threat. Environmental degradation and violence are very different types of threats Organizations that provide protection from violence differ greatly from those in environmental protection Military organizations are secretive, extremely stratified and centralize d, and normally deploy vastly expensive, highly specialized and advanced technologies Is environmental security an idea with more appeal in the North than the confederation? An excuse to continue the Norths longstanding practice of military and economic preventative Focus on the South is a way for the North to track its own responsibility Calls to link the environment with security raise profound suspicions about ulterior motives Concern, contractual environment, capacity da fuk? Fertility opportunity hypothesis Fertility follows perceived economic opportunity Against food aid, and development Transnational organized crime groups Operate above and below the state Create demand Reach to the marginalized, impoverished and other losers of globalization utilization market strategies Hierarchically structured Strategic alliances investing/laundering capital New growth areas (ex. umping toxic waste in developing countries and then negotiating lucrative contracts for the cleanup industry) R&D Modern method of accounting systems, information technologies, insuring against risk Global health partnerships Global food crisis plenty food in the world to feed everyone but 925 million people experience hunger 2/3 of these people are in Asia and the Pacific region Highest concentrations in India, China, DRC, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Ethiopia 5 million children under 5 die of hunger in developing countries Charity may service immediate problem but is no long-term sustainable solution Causes for food crisis 1 Natural disasters Floods, tropical storms, and, especially, long droughts More common and more intense (global warming) Wars Population displacement Famine used as a weapon Fields and water wells mined or contaminated Poverty trap Lack of seed money, land and agricultural education Trapped in poverty by hunger Causes for food crisis 2 Lack of agricultural infrastructure Lack of roads, irrigation systems, warehouses Em phasis on urban development Overexploitation of the environment Poor farming practices Deforestation Overcropping Overgrazing Economic downturns FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Policy and technical care to developing countries for food security, nutrition and agriculture Forum for negotiation of agreements and regard on policies Fukuyama (the end of history) Francis Fukuyama, The End of History The triumph of the Westan unembarrassed victory of economic & political liberalism& the total enervation of viable systematic alternatives to Western liberalism. Liberal democracy will make the world safer Democracies do not go to war against each other Globalization interdependence Great faith in International Organizations uppercase Consensus Critics Environmentalists Marxists Anarco-capitalism Etc.

Ethical judgements Essay

Our entire life is a continuous process of gaining and retaining information, expanding our noesis as individuals. Most population swing quite a bit of time in their childhood age in school finding, taking in familiarity that has been produced. As a species military mans capture produced a wealth of knowledge in a variety of paths. However thither comes a time where you abide to revere what extent quite a little would go to, to produce knowledge. Where is the line? When atomic number 18 we doing slightly function ethic whollyy wrong? All of these questions bring up a nonher question, do moral philosophy get in the way of producing knowledge? The humanities and natural sciences argon two areas of knowledge that deal a hardening with ethics. The humanities are a very free area of knowledge in with people are allowed to express themselves, the natural sciences require a lot of experimentation. In my opinion, knowledge is very valu up to(p), and the production of it s hould be a priority if the feed is honest.The arts are a of import source of knowledge, producers of art pass to try to convey a message through their artwork. Art comes in more or less(prenominal) different forms, ranging from visual arts to music and even literary arts. Throughout all forms closely of art there are lessons infix in the art piece, or at least messages conveyed through the art. Similarly, most art contains some form of censorship, artists are not allowed to touch on certain topics. Even if artists decide to make art that touches on moot or different topics, their art is typically not accepted in society and does not receive any(prenominal) publicity.Again, this is the case with almost all art, however for the purpose of this essay I am loss to counselling on literary art. An example that is very prevalent in my attend is the ban of _The guard of Negroes_ by Lawrence Hill. A dutchman named Roy Groenberg wrote a letter to Lawrence Hill. In the letter he wrote that a group of people in the Netherlands were going to burn Hills book because in contained the word black in the title (Hopper). _The Book of Negroes_ is an award winning book that is close to the life of an 11 year-old girl who is kidnapped in a village next Segu in Africa, and displace to North Carolina to be a slave. The book continues to see the reader almost her life as a slave (Hill)._The Book of Negroes_ is widely considered as very moving and a book that conveys segmentationical messages (Hopper). Unfortunately, because of the title it was misconceived as a book that was critical of African-Americans. Groenberg was the totally mortal to act on his feelings, however that does not mean he was the altogether person to see this book as negatively directed at African-Americans. _The Book of Negroes_ was belike misconceived by many more people erect because of the inclusion of the word negro in the title. Unfortunately, society has made many ethical judgements about the word negro which are usually confirm but in this case prevent people expanding their knowledge (Hopper). This peerless of many examples, in which an ethical judgement limited methods available in the production of knowledge.This brings up the question in my mind, why do people shy away from certain words? An attempt to find the settle lead me to the Theory of Knowledge diagram, more specifically the ways of knowing. 1 way of knowing that intrigues me is language, this seems to answer my question. Language is a very mesomorphic way of knowing, as words can be very powerful. at that place are handful of words in the english language that are not spoken because of how powerful they are. It seems to me that because of this some words are not tolerated even if the context is appropriate. Which sort of explains why The Book of Negroes received some criticism. It almost makes the criticism understandable, and I can begin to justify Groenbergs actions.Like I said before, al most all art forms draw artwork that is not socially accepted, and up to this point Ive only discussed literary art. However in my personal life I have learned about art not being accepted, when it comes to hip-hop music. I regularly listen to hip-hop music and it is a very definitive part of my life. In the one- eighth grade for a social studies syndicate I had the opportunity to play a song in class as part of a project. This for me was especially difficult because a lot of hip-hop music is not completely suitable for a eighth grade class setting. Even though I had found a couple of songs that were perfect for what I needed, but had a little overly much profanity.I completely understand that there are some inappropriate elements to hip-hop music that are not the best thing for a class room environment. However, I believe by the eighth grade students have developed a level of maturity, and should be able to listen to hip-hop music. All that needed to happen was for my class mates to disregard any profanity and see the song for what it truly is. Similarly, people should have looked historical the title The Book of Negroes and read the book to see it for its value. respectable judgments are as prevalent in the arts as they are in the natural sciences. From stem cell research to animal testing, there are a plethora of examples for natural sciences. The arts are as much about entertainment as they are gaining knowledge, or peradventure even more. On the other hand the natural sciences is almost exclusively about gaining new knowledge and improving what is already known. In this age, developments in natural sciences are nearly only about human advancement. Whether is medically or discovering new things.I am going to mainly centre on how various countries, such as Argentina, the United States, Russia, Iran and France, tested their blank equipment. From the mid 1940s all the way to 2013, the mentioned countries have sent shrink froms into home (Gray). Before leaders were confident enough to send humans into seat, they sent monkeys into space to see how their equipment fared. As expected, most of these monkeys died horrible deaths in charge with no way of knowing what is happening or any way to help themselves (Gray). The most notable instances were the first few monkeys in space. In 1948 NASA sent a rhesus monkey named Albert 39 miles into the air in a rocket. Albert died of suffocation mid flight, however NASA sent another monkey in the air named Albert II. Albert II survived the flight but died due to a parachute malfunction (Gray).When I discussed the Book of Negroes I reached a deduction that gaining knowledge is more important than ethical issues. However, when discussing NASA monkeys it is much harder to decide. This is because lives are at stake, although they are not human lives it is still hard to count about something demise for space research. Majority of people carry that sending monkeys into space is wrong. How is it that NASA can design equipment to go into space, but can not hold a machine that can detect air pressure and atomic number 8 levels.Again, understanding this point of view is much easier but the theory of knowledge diagram came to my mind again. In the ways of knowing there is emotion, and that is likely the main way of knowing affecting people when they imagine monkeys dying for space research. It is easy to create an emotional bond with an animal as tricky as a monkey, and most people can agree monkeys are cute. When reacting on emotions people reach rash conclusions. Which I think can be applied here, I am curious what the reaction would be if NASA tested with uglier or at least less cute animals. What if NASA sent warthogs into space? This is a situation when I personally abominate to play devils advocate, however if I was an astronaut in the 1940s I would certainly not go into a space rocket. I have absolutely nothing against monkeys, but if I were forced to make a decision between a monkey dying and a human dying I would choose the monkey, without hesitation.In conclusion, knowledge is very valuable and has been something humans have cherished through the ages. The production of knowledge has been indispensable to the advancement of the human race. Under most circumstances in the arts and natural sciences, the production of knowledge does not require a study sacrifice, just a small loss or temporary discomfort. thither are times in which it is not worth the sacrifice to learn something. However the vast majority of circumstances provide a reasonable loss for the production of knowledge. Overall, I believe knowledge and the production of knowledge is extremely valuable and should be a priority when it comes to he arts and natural sciences.Works CitedGray, Tara. A Brief History of Animals In Space. NASA. NASA HQ, 02 Aug 2004. Web. 16 Sep 2013.Hill, Lawrence. The Book of Negroes. Toronto, Ontario, Canada HarperCollins, 2007. Print.Hoppe r, Tristin. Dutchman threatens to burn The Book of Negroes. National Post. National Post, 10 Jun 2011. Web. 16 Sep 2013. .

Bio-fuels and how effective they truly are for the environment Essay

Bio diesel Biodiesel, classified as a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel which is produced thru extraction of natural fats and oils. It burn down substantially reduce greenness house gas emission due to its low sulfur content. It is without delay commonly used in various parts of the world. Biodiesel faecal matter tack petroleum diesel in both the transport and non-transport applications. A transmute in the example of ersatz energy resources (including alternative fuels) will motley the total demand for biodiesel as well as the level of utilization in particular proposition applications.Bioethanol Bioethanol is a high-octane, water-free alcohol produced from the fermentation of sugar or other(a) converted biomass. In its polishedst form it is a colorless spend a penny liquid with mild characteristic odor that boils at 78oC and freezes at 112oC (www. doe. gov. ph). fermentation alcohol burn down more cleanly because it contains oxygen and has a high octane number, w hence less carbon monoxide emissions and averts premature detonation. It burns slightly cooler, extending engine life, and promotes high volumetric efficiency of the engine, thus, increases power.Adding ethanol to gasoline oxygenates the fuel so that it burns with less emissions. Most modern gasoline vehicles could operate on slight ethanol with a few basic engine modifications. A 10% blend requires no engine modification while making a contribution to reducing emissions. Anything more than 10% requires engine modification (www. doe. gov. ph). The other commercial blends be E15 (U. S. A. ), E20 (Brazil), E85 (Sweden and Minnesota), and E100 (used with 4% water in Brazil and Argentina). go off ethanol is primarily used for land transport as alternative to gasoline in spark-ignition engines. other(a) Biofuels The potentials of other alcohols such as methanol, propyl alcohol and butanol can be exhaustively explored for very specific incoming applications that can further increas e the total amount of biofuel substitute to schematic fossil and fossil derived fuels. Methanol produced from biomass is not economically competitive at present. There is, however, an interesting possibility as alternative to hydrogen as fuel. Propanol and butanol can be produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes. Butanol, particularly, is produced by fermentation in a process that can be circumscribed for high net enegy gains.It has sufficiently similar characteristics with gasoline fuel such that there is high probability that it can be burned pure in breathing commercial engines without modification and without any difficulty. There argon other important biofuels such as biogas, charcoal, producer gas, etc. They can be processed and utilized in accordance with the provisions of existing laws, rules, regulations and standards. Studies ar conducted in order that these important biofuels can be structured into the biofuels program in a package for both energy and soci o-economic objectives. Other First Generation Biofuels.The most common First Generation Biofuel is biogas which is a product of anaerobic digestion of organic materials an example of which is methane from wastes. Both the gas and digestate can be used as fuel. The utilization is usually site specific because of the environmental implications of production. A number of big commercial farms are producing and development biogas from wastes for process heating and the extension of supplementary power. Another first generation biofuel is Charcoal which is the product of the carbonization of hydrocarbon materials including wastes.Producer gas is from the gasification of hydrocarbon feedstock. In the recent seventies, this fuel was utilized as engine fuel. The gas was generated from small woodwind chips fed into a reactor mounted unto the vehicle. Second-generation Biofuels Second generation biofuels are those from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock using advanced technical processes. B eing currently developed are BioHydrogen, Bio- dimethylether (Bio-DME), Biomethanol, dimethylfuran (DMF), High Temperature Upgrading (HTU) diesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, Mixed Alcohols (http//www. export. gov).

Performance Dynamics of Bata Shoe Bangladesh

1. Historical Background The business that became the Bata dress brass instrument was established on August 24, 1894 in Zlin, Czechoslovakia by Tomas Bata, and included his buddy Antonin and sister Anna. Although this business was new, the Bata name had been part of a tradition of clothemaking for eight generations, spanning three hundred years. It was one of the first modern-day dress manufacturers, a team of stitchers and skidmakers creating footgear not just for the local town, alone to a fault for distant retail merchants.This departure from the centuries-old tradition of the one-man cobblers store was a brand new concept, creating an entirely new sedulousness. Tomas consistently nurture a human focus, creating opportunities for schooling and advancement, and added compensation for employees establish on achievement. As the enterprise prospered, so did the communities where it operated. Bata companies later provided rail operate, construction, insurance, publish ing and a tannery in Zlin. The Bata System devised by the Zlin team, and later applied in other Bata sideslip plaque companies, organized executions into autonomous work knock offs and departments (profit centre), on the wholeowing employees to top ideas and stimulate reapingion, and contributed significant break through with(predicate)s in footwear technology. By 1938 Bata Shoe Organization had established a unique and widespread presence, designing, producing and foodstuffplaceing footwear in to a greater extent than 30 countries.The Bata Shoe Organization regarded itself as a Multi-Domestic sooner than multinational enterprise, making it a priority to contribute to the economy in any new grocerys it entered. During the 50s, 60s and 70s the Organization redoubled its focus on retail excellence, international footwear branding, advanced manufacturing techniques and extensive employee training, another Bata tradition that date back to the Organizations earliest years. At drive home, Bata is one of the worlds widest compass companies, with operations in 68 varied countries.They strive to listen to the customers in their local markets and clearly aim their footwear needs, and then to provide products that expire their customers expectations in terms of select, title and economic value. Bata direct companies argon conclaveed into quatern business units based on similarities in markets and business issues. Each group benefits from synergies specific to their requirements, such as product development, sourcing and marketing support. 1. 1 Bata immediately Bata is one of the worlds widest reaching companies, with operations in 68 different countries.Bata companies strive to listen to the customers in their local markets and clearly identify their footwear needs, and then to provide products that exceed their customers expectations in terms of gauge, style and value. Bata operating companies be grouped into four business units based on similarit ies in markets and business issues. Each group benefits from synergies specific to their requirements, such as product development, sourcing and marketing support. Each business unit is entrepreneurial in nature, and can quickly adapt to changes in the marketplace and seize possible branch opportunities. Bata International serves customers in much of Asia, the Pacific and Africa through its 3,000 stores and many dealers. It is supervised from Singapore. Bata International operates shoe innovation centers in several countries as well as 30 factories to serve individual markets. * Bata Europe is based in Paris and operates 500 stores offering fashionable footwear. The world-class shoe innovation center just outside of Venice supplies many of the sole(a) lines found in Bata stores throughout Europe. * Bata Latin America is based in Mexico City.Bata is the in the lead retailer of property in Latin America and the leading trafficker of childrens branded footwear. * Bata Canada is ba sed in Toronto from where 250 stores serve the Canadian market. Its chain of Athletes do chief(prenominal) of a functions and Nike Shops is the leading fashion source in Canada for young urban customers. Bata Shoe organization (B. S. O. ) is the largest manufacturer and marketer of footwear in the world. Its world(prenominal) business comprises of shoe factories, tanneries, engineering plants, quality control laboratories, product development and research centers.Bata distributes its products through approximately 6,300 retail outlets, 10,000 franchises and thousands of wholesale depots and dealers. much than 50,000 wad are employed in producing and selling over 300 gazillion pairs of shoes each year, primarily for the domestic markets in which B. S. O companies operate. more than or less 400,000 additional people and their families are engaged in the support services required by B. S. O. operations. Bata International Centre is fit(p) in Toronto, Canada. Mr.Tomas Bata, th e founder of Bata Shoe Organization, initiated this worldwide operation in Zlin, Czechoslovakia, now known as the Czech Republic. The year 1994 marked the light speedth founding anniversary of BATA. everyplace the years B. S. O. s operation plump outed across the entire solid ground and established itself as the worlds largest organization in footwear manufacturing and marketing Today Bata operates in 68 countries. 1. 2 Bata Bangladesh At the Pakistan limit Bata was first came to this country. After indep wipeoutence Bata continue their commitment to provide keen quality shoes at an affordable price.Many of the elderly people tranquilize remember the Naughty Boy shoe of Bata that was known for its durability among the kids of that time. that since then Bata Bangladesh has changed a lot. Now they are not only providing unchanging shoes but exact brought new designs too according to the smack of the people. Bata balloons its operation all through the country. It has now h uge number of stores, agencies, dealers and wholesalers nearly the country. And undoubtedly it has the biggest shoe manufacturing and marketing organization here in Bangladesh.There are hardly any places in the country where one will not found Bata store, which signals its intricacy, success and popularity here. Bata Bangladesh is a public limited company, which has 51- 49% region with the government of Bangladesh. Though it has established in Czechoslovakia but at exhibit Bata is a Canadian company because of the migration and mergers of the family and now J. Bata who happens to be the grandson of founder G. Bata has his operation and headquarter in Canada and operates as a Canadian company. In Bangladesh it is operating as a Canada-Bangladesh company. . 3 Mission Introduction of a strong shoe line targeted to various market segments to maintain leadership through emergence market get by. 1. 4 Vision To provide adept quality shoes at an affordable price. By keeping in mind t he pull that needs to be there and providing new designs with it. 1. 5 Objectives * Achievement of 100% estimated business in each category * Maintain a shoe line with 700 lines of which 200, 300, 150 & adenine 50 lines for Men, Women Children & Plastic respectively * Introduction of a shoe ine as per life style as well as fashion trend * Achieve an clean 55% valuation reserve in each category * Innovate ideas or organisation for better management of merchandise dispersal by maintaining 4 quantify stock turn. 2. Product Profile Bata shoe Bangladesh Ltd. has more than 900 lines of shoes in different categories. They distribute all of these lines of shoes in different part of Bangladesh through wholesalers, dealers and through their own stores. In the following chart some of the shoes, its average price, size and other dominating features are mentioned.Best Price icon (TK) BATA Dominating Color Mens 995-1695 Black Womens 250-550 Black, Chocolate School 200-330 Black, whit ened Children 130-195 Multicolor Sport 695-995 White, Gray Non Shoes 50-100 Black, Chocolate 3. belligerent attitude * Be obsessed with customer satisfaction * Build reputation for providing quality product * Be dedicated to continuous outgrowth in the market * Widespread availability of Bata shoes in the market The prices of Bata shoes are very private-enterprise(a) and in many grammatical cases take down than its competitors * Very good dispersal channel with dedicated employees all through Bangladesh and established because of Batas experience in the Bangladesh for very long * Taking opportunity of the lower acquire power of the people of the country by providing good quality shoe at a competitive price * To ensure that the end users receive medicines those are safe, effective and quality consistent with leadership bureau in the health care industry throughout the country * It has more than 900 lines of shoes in different categories * To apply the rinciples of customer-f ocused quality, service and excellence to all processes and dodging, from product design, development through production, distribution and marketing * To maintain the mensuration of quality in order to protect the patients, pr planet errors and optimize value provided to the consumer and company. * To comply with group product standards and regulatory requirements * The company has more than yard shoe designs and caters to all the segments.Over 60% of gross sales come from the mens range, art object childrens and womens range account for about 20% each * BB operates through a chain of exclusive own and franchise stores. BBs stores are located in prime locations countrywide. 70% of Batas sales are from its own retail outlets. Besides there is a network of about 500 exclusive wholesalers who service about 300 retail stores all over the country. Bata has showrooms, wholesale depots and distribution centers across the country. 4. Trends of performance Products tend to go through di fferent stages, each stage being affected by different competitive conditions.These stages require different marketing strategies at different times if sales and profits are to be efficiently realized. The length of a product life cycle is in no way a rooted(p) period of time. It can last from weeks to years, depending on the type of product. In case of shoe industry in Bangladesh it is presently going through the growth stages which are characterized by many new consumers entry in the market, by fall in price as experience and economies of scale have been attained, by developed distribution channel and by increasing military strength of competitor.Bata Bangladesh is the largest player in the footwear industry with virtually 9-10% volume dish out and a 60% market-share in the organized segment. BB (Bata Bangladesh) has a market share of 70% in canvas shoes segment epoch it has a share of 60% in leather shoes. BB manufactures about 10% of the number howdys sold in the country . BB competes in manufacturing low priced Hawaiis with the unorganized sector with its price ranging from Taka35-Taka110 with unorganized sectors determine in the range of Taka25-Taka50. 4. 1 Production Bata Bangladesh operates 2 manufacturing plants in Tongi and Dhamrai.The company is producing approximately 110,000 pairs of shoes daily. It has a modern tannery with the latest technological facilities to process 5 million square feet of leather yearly. Bata Bangladesh concentrates mainly on the domestic market through a countywide distribution network comprising retail stores, head Support Program (DSPs) and independent dealers. 4. 2 Sales Turnover 4. 3 Profit & Profitability The average gross profit margin for the last five years has been 37% while average operating margin has been 12%. Average net margin stands at 8%.In 2008, 2009 & 2010 Batas net Income was (MM BDT) 449, 459, 509 Gross Margin 34% 35% 35% Operating Margin 14% ,12% ,12% Net Margin 10%, 9%, 9% and Operatin g Cash (MM BDT) 428,873 472,320 511,799 587,130 643,166 713,937 781,319. Average return on equity for the last five years has been more than 40% while average return on assets has been around 14%. Bata is also among the largest dividend payers with an average dividend payout ratio of 80% for the last three years. Moreover, the company has large toss off holdings which have not been revalued in a long time.The company has postal code leverage and huge stockpiles of cash which give them enough flexibility to expand and/or maintain a high payout ratio. 5. Growth Rate (Trend analysis of Productivity) Consistent margin and growth Bata has been a consistent performer in recent years and this is reflected in their profit margins for the last five years. Bata also enjoyed consistent growth in sales and shekels. Sales growth has been averaging around 16% in the last four years while earnings growth has been averaging over 25% during that period. EBITDA growth has been around 20% on averag e.No credit sales policy helped accumulate large cash. Bata maintains a no credit sales policy. This has helped reduce cash cycle for the company. 6. SWOT analysis * Strengths * Image of the company * Quality Product * Differentiated line of products * Competitive Pricing * Strong distribution channel * Modern manufacturing facilities * Brand loyalty at mass level * Weaknesses * Insufficient promotional activities * Bata at present conducts all the store management activity manually. This results lots of lengthy wallpaper works, errors & waste of time. Inability to catch the present trend in time * Less competitive price due to high represent structure. * VAT & tax barrier * Opportunities * Despite political turbulency a segment of our middle-class is coming up with reasonable buying power. Many of them are women who are decision maker so the city store concept of Bata can attract them as whole of the family footwear can be available there. * Consumer handle differentia ted products. They want to shop in a store where they serve the whole family. * More competition results in more campaign for products. * Business Expansion in Shoe care products Utilize outsourcing especially the synergy sources to achieve competitive pricing * Franchi decide opportunity with global brands like Nike, Reebok, Hush Puppy * Market expansion opportunity in high fashion & value for property footwear market for all categories of shoes through Retail & WCSM channels * Threat * Political instability affects the supply of raw materials and distribution of finished products. * Uncontrolled counterfeit of Bata products * New companies like Apex, Homeland, Pagasus of Bangladesh and the foreign companies like Nike, Reebok, Addidas are already in the market with good quality product.Have to keep up with them respect of quality. * Smuggelling of shoes and many stores in the city like the ones in elephant road are the major market leaders. As they dont have to pay for larg e meter of money for establishment, production, quality and advertising so they can sell at a much lower price than established brands like Bata. * speedy market expansion program by organized competitors like APEX. 7. attainable Measure to Improve Performance To break the sales and profits, BB is planning to increase penetration by setting up more retail outlets and fetching space in shopping malls across the country.Existing retail stores would be upgraded even as wholesale depots would be set up in smaller towns and semi-urban areas. BBs main efforts will be to streamline the wholesale business. BBs thrust is on becoming marketing driven firm from a manufacturing oriented company. stairs are also being taken to reduce costs, improve distribution logistics and focus on launch of new products in order to improve the performance of the company. * Give sales discount and free samples to influence more sales in the growing shoe market. * Reduce the price level. More advertisement s should be aired. * Should build awareness among the potential users of this type of footwear product. * give more design, color, and design combination to be competitive. * To merge with the local companies and to expand more segmentation. 8. Conclusion From the analysis of Bata Shoe Company Bangladesh Ltd and the shoe industry we have identified that the shoe industry is growing and identified their main weakness is insufficient lack of development with the rapid changing market needs, insufficient promotional activities, and downward trend of quality.On the other hand, distribution system and vertical integration are the strengths of Bata From strategic marketing viewpoint we see that Bata is taking corrective steps in almost all the way. In very few sides Bata has lacking. Based upon these facts recommended strategies would assist in more growth of Bata shoe company Bangladesh Ltd. in among the upcoming fierce competition in the shoe industry.

Choosing hardware and input devices Essay

  Microsoft publishing firm Microsoft Word Paint Inter profits Explorer This prorogue shows entirely the applications I utilize to complete my course be given Name of finish Price Main Functions Advantages Disadvantages Microsoft publishing firm i?? 49. 99 The briny course of Microsoft publisher is to hold websites, documents, separate, c dischargely e reallything ETC. It is patrician to realise these kinds of things with Microsoft publisher. It is rattling easy to create websites cards etc. It takes a very long time to install on the computer. It runs in a very fast speed so it doesnt requirement time to load up. It give the sack be very confuse and you need to k now how to use it.It has so m some(prenominal) design options, somewhat over 1,000 professionally designed templates. You brush asidet make very precise lay break throughs because it doesnt expect the precise to a faultls. Microsoft Word i?? 49. 99 The of import function of Microsoft topographi c point explicate is to create and too turn out text, graphics in letters, reports, and web pages and excessively email messages. For this it has incompatible functions standardized formatting text into different styles and formatting the font. Data gage be imported from a spreadsheet to this so that a mail merge tail end be created. It is quite difficult to store info resembling Microsoft Access. If you determine whatsoever errs it elicit be pay offed so easily.Not everyone entrust be able to bargain for it because it costs too much. The proceeding stool be saved so that it could be done at new(prenominal) time. If mess start relying on the spell controler they world power lose their spelling skills. net Explorer You dont need to purchase it because it is already installed on the operating softwargon. The principal(prenominal) function is that people throw off wide access to the information the want. The other function is that they can communicate, do a b it of shopping, and it can also be used for entertainment. Doesnt need to be purchased because its already installed on the operating softwargon. just about information can be biased and inaccurate. Used for a band of things E. G. Communication, shopping, gaming E. T. C Surfing the internet too much, can be addictive. It can be accessed by everyone in the world. Illegal sites always authorize even if youre croping the web carefully. Paint You dont need to purchase it because it is already installed on the operating software. The main function is to create drawings and to display scanned photos. The other function is to create pictures and diagrams. Doesnt need to be purchased because its already installed on the operating software. It cant store information in a table like Microsoft Access.You can draw logos, pictures E. T. C Older versions of it cannot open files that are from a newer version. It has a special image function which allows you to edit or change photos. It cannot example in text in different forms like Microsoft Office Word. Alternatives This table show the alternatives of the table above Name of Application Alternative Application The way it work Advantages Disadvantage Difference it would make if I used it Microsoft Publisher Adobe Dreamweaver The main function of Adobe Dreamweaver is to create mainly websites that other things can be make such as cards, magazines etc.Websites can be made much much accurately and much more precise than Microsoft word. It is much more high-ticket(prenominal) than Microsoft word so it cant be purchased by everyone. The main deviance it makes is that I would be able to work more accurately and create better websites. However it is more complicated than Microsoft publisher so it pull up stakes be hard to use. Website designers can make changes to the design of a website patently by editing the Dream Weaver template files. It is much more complicated than Microsoft word so itll be hard to use. Simple a nd labyrinthine websites can be designed using a point and pawl method.It takes much longer to install. Microsoft Word Open Office Writer The main function of is to create and edit text, reports, and web pages and email messages. For this it has different functions like formatting text into different styles. The wizard makes it easier for new beginners to use. The wizards appear too much which is distractible. The main difference is that I would be able to create and edit text, reports, web ages and email messages easier and much more accurate. It can yoke to any(prenominal) existing infobase. It is less popular than Microsoft Office Access so not many people use it.You dont have do buy this nevertheless you can get it for free. For some people this could be hard to use because of the scanty functions. Internet Explorer Mozilla zealfox The main function is that people have wide access to the information the want. The other function is that they can communicate, do a bit of shopping, and it can also be used for entertainment. It is much quicker and faster than internet explorer. It is not supported by a half-size proportion of web sites. The main difference is that I would be able to gather information and surf the net much quicker than internet explorer.It has more security on it because it doesnt let pop ups through at all. With Mozilla Firefox some websites do not display aright. It has more design and looks better than Internet Explorer. Fire fox has to be bought separately if it is to be installed in the computer. Paint Paint. net It works in the same way as paint. But this has extra special features and they work by having a user interface which can automatically know something new directly. There are different versions for different operating softwares. People could get damage versions and so they wouldnt work and they would have to buy new ones.The main difference is that I exit be able to get help from the online forums If I did not no how to use it. Also if I make a mistake and I realise after a bit, then I go out be able to go to that mistake because there is unlimited undos. It has online forums which makes it easy for members to get help from users. Some people wont witness it because it looks very complicated. There is an unlimited amount of touch undo. It doesnt scrape up supplied with computers from before so you have to buy it. Microsoft Publisher It is used for creating mainly websites. Microsoft Word It is used for write in any kind of information.Internet Explorer It is used for getting information. Ismail Bismillah Paint It is used for creating pictures, drawings, logo E. T. C Input These are the input devices I used to make my work easy. Device Speed Errors that can be made Way to mark misconducts Keyboard The speed of the keyboard is mea trustedd in form of words per minute. It depends if you are a fast typist or a slow one. many an(prenominal) wrongful conducts can be done whilst typing. For example, when youre typing very quickly, you can press the wrong key which get out change the spelling of a word. Also when youre typing numbers you can make mistakes.E. g. if you want to type in 786 and your in a rush you can make mistakes like pressing the wrong numbers. (768) The way to correct these errors is to type a lot and you result get use to it so much that you wont get any mistakes. Another easier method is to crack on tools then click on spelling and grammar. This pass on show you all the mistakes and you can easily correct it later. Mouse The speed of the creep also is mea trustedd in the confusable way. (Clicks per minute) It depends if you are fast or slow on using the mouse. Many errors can also be made whilst using the mouse.The main error that can be made is that when you are in a rush, you can easily click on something wrong which will take you to a different place. Also the mouse can easily slip when youre moving it. The way to correct these errors is to u se a mouse trudge which is especially designed/made for mice. Another way to correct this error is to use the mouse a bit slower and not in a rush. Scanner The speed of the scanner depends on how much data is being scanned. It also depends on what type of scanner it is. Errors can be made using the scanner as well. The main error that can be made is that the subject can be put the wrong way (upside down).Also the paper can sometimes be inserted half(prenominal) way inside. The way to correct these errors is to recrudesce carefully which way the paper should be put in. Also the paper should be put in straight and not bent. Keyboard I detected errors in my work by using the spelling and grammar correspond to check any spelling mistakes and any punctuation mistakes. To correct the errors in my work I would use the certainty reader to correct mistakes that are done in my work. To obstruct errors from happening, I typed a bit slower and much more carefully and I carried on looking at the screen to see if there were any mistakes I made.Mouse I detected errors in my work by checking manually if I made any clicking mistakes. To correct the errors in my work I would check manually and make sure that I would click the proficient thing if something unwanted had been clicked by going back and clicking the right thing. To prevent errors from happening in my work I would make sure that I would buy a mouse pad so that the mouse doesnt slip and so the wrong thing doesnt be clicked. Scanner I detected errors in my work by checking manually if all the information has been scanned and also that it is the right way round only when not upside down.To correct the errors in my work I would check manually and make sure that if the data is scanned upside down than I would delete that data and I would than scan the data again by moving the data on the scanner the other way round. To prevent errors from happening in my work I would make sure that the data is the right way round in the first place and also make sure that no part of it is covered up. Effects of wide Data Inaccurate data will affect the system in many ways. Data Effect Way it can be prevented spell mistakes (website).If spelling mistakes are made then wrong information might be given out and also the guests will think this say-so is not a professional one. To prevent this I spell checker can be used. I can also tell psyche to go through it and look at my mistakes. Hyperlinks not linked correctly If hyperlinks are not linked properly then the business will become low because when you click on the link itll send you someplace else or not take you anywhere. This can be prevented by checking the hyperlinks properly and making sure there are no mistakes. Also makes sure checking takes place before advertising. Not changing the colour of hyperlinksIf hyperlinks do not change colour then the guest will not no which site he has been to so he will go on that website repeatedly. The way this ca n be sorted out is that when a customer clicks on the hyper link then it should change colour so the customer does not go on it repeatedly. The best way to stop all the problems is to keep on checking if you have made mistakes. This way all your mistakes will be sorted out. And there wont be any inaccurate data Validation Validation is to make sure that data which is being entered should be reasonable and allowable meaning that it is something possible but it doesnt have to be correct.There are a hardly a(prenominal) different types of validations to help reduce the number of errors made by a user Type check, range check, picture or format check, check digit, field length checks etc. Verification The validation can be used to make sure that when a user types data in the computer and if there are any errors made in the typing then they are reduced. For example if a database was going to be made with mistakes like if a 1993 date of birth was typed and was not true, the computer will not take it as an error if was programmed to let in anything amidst 1990 and1994. So the results would be incorrect and full of mistakes.This could also be know as Garbage In, Garbage out (GIGO). So that is why validations are important to help make sure that the user knows if there are any errors that have been made when typing data into the computer but it does not help in telling if the data is true or false. Output This table shows the outputs I used. Device Type The way it works Advantages Disadvantages Best place to use it Printers Laser A mirror reflects a beam of laser, and then lays them. A toner is then sprayed onto it. A paper is now pressed onto the toner and is slightly heated so that it sticks firmly on the paper.It prints out very quickly compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers It is the most expensive printer especially the colour lasers. The best place to use this laser printer is an office because an office requires a large amount of papers printed in small am ount of time and with less noise as possible. It prints out very fast compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers Because it is so big it takes up more quadrangle than ink-jet printers. It has a high quality compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers It is very expensive to repair because of the complex parts inside.

Southwest Airlines Organizational Culture

southwestern Airlines incarnate philosophy stool be assign to one of the damps Herb Kelleher. It is an airline company with a unique refining goofiness, which keeps the morale of its employees high (Smith, 2004), and is a company that welcomes fun, dedication, and effort. southwestern United States believes that a content employee will create a happy customer, and will create fast(a) customers. Mr. Kelleher effectively implemented its style, culture and emphasis on quality in the daily actives at souwest (Smith, 2004), and he did so without the help of foreign consultants.The Airline was founded in 1971 by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King, and in the 1980s night club years after Southwest was established they adopted a direction statement (Smith, 2004) The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer overhaul delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and company spirit ( bursting charge & adenine Vision, 2011) . This mission statement overly ties to their motto We operate with a Warrior Spirit, a Servants Heart, and a Fun Luving Attitude (Mission & Vision, 2011).In order to accomplish this mission statement, the company is committed to their employees, by providing their employees a stable work environment with equal luck for learning and personal growth. Creativity and innovation are encouraged for up(p) the effectiveness of the airlines. Employees will especially be provided the same concern, respect, and caring carriage within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every(prenominal) customer (Mission & Vision, 2011).Based on my finding Southwest Airlines aligns their organizations espoused value along with their enacted values, because they were developed from the leaders values, beliefs, and assumptions about community and work (Quick, 1992). The actions of Mr. Kelleher in top management, has set the organisational norms. It can be seen in Southwests t hree values humor, altruism, and luv. Humor is used as one of the hiring criteria, Southwest looks for people with certain attitudes, who arent so tight and restrictive, but with an up-beat attitude (Quick, 1992).Altruism is a incorporate value that begins at the top and trickles downward (Quick, 1992). Southwest Airlines holds this value of bully importance, because they believe in caring and giving to other people (Quick, 1992). colloquy at Southwest is a key factor for its success as a company, and will remain that way for the future. It is with effective communication that Southwest Airlines has been able to provide guidelines that their employees are able to follow.At any job, job descriptions ostensibly describe responsibilities between employees and departments (Smith. 2004). But at Southwest their philosophy is overlap goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect, with the expectation that each persons job includes helping fellow colleagues with their work any time need ful (Smith, 2004). Good communications skills are critical to a businesss success, and Herb Kelleher is renowned as an effective communicator and has gained the trust of his employees through the years.Conflict is an of the essence(predicate) and useful part of communication, and can be a misconception in classify communication, because it can often be viewed as bad and should be avoided. However, in the case of Southwest Airlines, it is a company who has an open door policy, can do and lets try problem solutions (Bunz & Maes, 1998). Employees are encouraged to generate ideas and then try them (Bunz & Maes, 1998).Conflict at Southwest Airlines challenges employees to research issues in greater detail, are able to learn to a greater extent about issues, and enhance the openness for change and new innovations. Southwest also believes functional accountability leads to finger pointing between departments. Therefore, they utilize team prosody rather than functional metrics. Anot her example of how this company turns conflict into plus group communication (Smith, 2004) Conclusion In conclusion Southwest Airlines founder Herb Kelleher has done an excellent job at combining humor, altruism, and love.He created a positive culture and focused on people as people and identifying them as valuable assets to the company, thus making their organization and its employees more effective. The corporate culture he created is the glue that holds Southwest together (Smith, 2004), and Mr. Kelleher has been pivotal in crafting one of the most distinctive organizational cultures in United States forthwith (Quick, 1992). Southwest airline treats their employees the way they want them to treat their customers.

Investment Analysis and Lockheed Tri Star

Investment Analysis and Lockheed Tri Star root effort Total points 100 (Course grade 25%) This case comprises quaternary serially numbered stand-alone problems and the fifth one appears with the title of Lockheed Tri-Star. You are inevitable to offer your calculations of economic nourishs as recordd below. In addition to the calculations, write a brief summary of your findings in about 100 words for severally problem. 1) Rainbow Products20 points Machine Purchase Machine plus service contract enhance Machine Payback period 7 old age 7. 78 Years 7. 65 Years NPV ($945. 8) $2,500. 00 $15,000. 00 IRR 11. 49% 12. 86% 15. 43% Decision (Yes/No) NO YES YES We would advise Rainbow Products to not purchase the paint-mixing equipment unless they decided take on the spare $500 per year expenditure to service the machine, or decided to reinvest 20% of the yearly make up savings back into new machine parts. any of the last two options would do good the company, unlike the first option, as they hand over both a positive Net Present Value (NPV) and intrinsic Rate of Return (IRR) greater than the Cost of Capital.Although the last two options welcome longer Payback Periods than the first option, using Payback Period to sustain a determination in this example is not suitable because of the shortcomings of the mode. 2) grant brave20 points Criteria Add a new window Update Equipment new-sprung(prenominal) Stand take on Any other option? Wildcard Add a raw Window AND Update Existing Equipment NPV ($) $25,461. 91 $2,514. 18 $34,825. 76 $28,469. 88 $27,976. 08 NPV straddle No WildcardNPV Rank Wildcard 34 45 11 22 3 IRR (%) 34. 2% 18. 01% 31. 21% 1207. 61% 28. 10% IRR Rank No WildcardIRR Rank Wildcard 22 45 33 11 4 MIRR (%) 26 . 77% 16. 90% 24. 82% 255. 21% 23. 01% MIRR Rank No WildcardMIRR Rank Wildcard 22 45 33 11 4 It would be in the best interest of the Concession Stand to either Build a New Stand, or Rent a Larger Stand. Under the NPV method, make a New Stand would be the most beneficial option, with the Rent prime(prenominal) being the second best option.Under the IRR and MIRR methods, the Rent choice would be a clear favorite while the Building a New Stand choice would be the third most beneficial option. Their choice in which action to take would depend upon which methodology best align with their operational goals, although NPV is a more commonly used and trusted plan of attack than IRR because of several issues that can derail IRR calculations. 3) MBATech, Inc. 20 points Alternative Cost to the city ($) Increase IRR to 25% $122,103Give 2-year payback $256,522 NPV of $75,000 (at 20% discount) $112,666 ARR of 40% $173,913 Although the cost to the city could vary depending upon the timing of the subsidy payments due to the time value of money, our calculated costs reflect immediate payment of the subsidy during the initial investment period. With that said, the city would be wise in pursuing the NPV of $75,000 method as the cost of this method would be the least expensive of the iv alternatives.An upfront payment to MBA Tech, Inc. , from the city, for $112,666 would be sufficient in pushing the NPV of the sick to the $75,000 limit. The city should avoid the 2-year payback method if at all doable as this would have the greatest cost by a certain margin. 4) Valu-Added Industries, Inc. 10 points NPV of the project $100,000 Number of shares to be issued 1,000 Price per share $110. 00 By issuing 1,000 shares to the public at $10. 0 per share, Valu-Added Industries will be financing the entire project through investors. This action will also indicate to current stockholders that the future market value of the shares of stock of the company should be higher in value. With no further information, it would appear that both Valu-Added Industries, and their stockholders, would benefit from the organization taking on this opportunity, and that the value of the company would only make up by doing so. ) Loc kheed Tri Star30 points At planned production levels of 210 units, what was the true value of the Tri supporter program? ($584,048,126) At planned production levels of 300 units, what was the true value of the Tri star program? ($274,381,683) At planned production levels of 323 units, what was the true value of the Tri star program? ($206,205,933) At what sales volume would the program gain ground true break even? About 388

Academic Performance of Working Students

CHAPTER 1 THE chore AND ITS SETTING Introduction Education in the largest sense is any deport or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, citation or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the execute by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one extension to an separate. Education is univers all toldy recognized as a fundamental construction block for human development and one of the strongest instruments for reducing poverty, and is a powerful driver for development of individuals and societyimproving health, gender equality, peace, and stability.The Commission on Higher Education (CHED 1995) states that higher education is in the main bridge amid the world of learning and the world of scat industrialization has increased the need for more differentiated skills. The Laguna State Polytechnic University System has been founded to foster each student to develop into a total soul who is s wholesome equipped with knowledge and skills one who fits the modern world of technologies and one who is coiffe and capable to meet the challenges of life.A bachelors of science compass point in Hotel and Restaurant Management (HRM) will provide with all the skills infallible to success in a wide variety of hospitality charge careers. The computer program allows the students to understand the principles involved in leading a fortunate hospitality organization. At the same time, they will have the opportunity to put these principles in applied courses and through an internship. It can individualize the degree program to fit the career field that most interested one.The career hotel and eatery management concept deal with the preparation for tuckful and successful and material life and equip them with knowledge and social relations as well as manipulative skills in developing impotent attitudes and values in work is the aim of hotel and restaurant management course in g eneral. drill is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee.An employee may be defined as A person in the service of a nonher under any contract of hire, put forward or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to hold in and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed. Blacks fair operate Dictionary running(a) students can be categorized into two groups those who primarily identify themselves as students but who work in order to feed the bills and those who are first and foremost workers who also take some college classes. close two-thirds of undergraduates who work consider themselves students who work the other third consider themselves workers who study. CHED tell working students today are mostly into food service, entertainment and sales, by from their usual stints as library and research assistants. CHED advised working students to raise jobs that are not that demanding and that are more closely related to their courses. Working students are ubiquitous in higher education.Students are more likely to work than they are to live on campus, to study full time, to look a four-year college or university, or to apply for or receive pecuniary aid. Students work regardless of the type of institution they attend, their age or family responsibilities, or even their family income or educational and living expenses. Working while enrolled is perchance the single most common major activity among in all diverse undergraduate population.Most of the remaining two-thirds of working students state that their master(a) reason for working is to pay tuition, fees, and living expenses, with upper-income students more likely to work in order to earn spending money or gain job experience. It is difficult to understand the role that work may play in helping dependent students pay for college because income and educational expenses do not appear to significant ly influence the likelihood that students will work, the amount that they work, or the amount that they earn.

Porters 5 Forces

Sonias smoothies 1) break off calculated that of 200 guests who completed the questionnaire at the throw off fete, the smashed convey was 23. The age distri providedion conformed to a curve of normal distri justion with a standard deviation of 5. Calculate the subjugate of customers aged 33 and ein truthwhere who featured in Sonias survey (33-23)? 5 = 2 2% of 200= 4 Answer= 4 2) With reference to the report on the UK smoothie mart (appendix 2) dismantle dickens limit points of employ vicarious sources as the basis of Sonias decision qualification. Secondary search is cardinal that is carried by a third party and non yourself.The entropy is hoard as it whitethorn serve propose in the information you need flush though it whitethorn gain been self-possessed for a different inquiry. at that place atomic number 18 how invariably some limitations of Sonia using this abetary question whilst make a decision on what smoothie flavours to bring out. In this essay I leave talk everywhere these and inst on the whole my opinion on whether Sonia should or shouldnt only base the decision on this information. The fore approximately limitation of using secondary timbre is that it whitethorn be several twelvemonths hoar and whitethorn non reflect the flow rate foodstuff conditions.If this is the case for Sonia wherefore it would plastered that she may be cathartic a flavour into a merchandise that no dourer exists. This would mean that her gross sales entrust non be as mettlesome as she would of hoped, it would as sanitary mean that her speak to depart rise as she would be producing smoothies unaw argon that these ar not t peerless ending to p lowly. The impact of both of these things progressing depart settlement in Sonia losing acquire. This one simulation shows that for Sonia to solely base her decision on secondary interrogation it would not be erect for her business as she could lag out on a lot of potential customers.The second limitation of using secondary enquiry is that it may not be spot slight and reliable as it may be biased. If this does happen then it would mean that Sonia would be making a decision on information that is not 100% accurate and true. This would be misleading for her as she would be making a decision establish upon something which is not going to benefit her at tout ensemble. This would result in her again losing remuneration as her costing will rise finished with(p) producing the goods and sales being low. This again shows us that if Sonia does found a decision solely based on the secondary question it may result in failure of the merchandise she releases.In c use up I signify that Sonia should function secondary query as it gives her a cig aretonical idea intimately what is happening or has happened in the mart which will give her a slight idea but it should be apply in conjunction with some base research such(prenominal) as questionnaires s o Sonia 100% accurate data and knowledge. If this is done then it would checker that the decision being made will be the cook up one resulting in the success of the cross panache she releases. 3) Discuss why nick top executive rush recommended that Sonia should not base any decisions on the vibrate festival research.The rock festival research is a geek of primary research. primordial research is one that is collected by yourself. In this essay I am going to discuss the reasons why Nick may ease up recommended Sonia do not hold back decisions solely based on the rock festival research, I will then come to a conclusion as to what Sonia should do to assure the decision being made is the up discipline one. firstly by giveing out the rock festival research it meaning only tar developing one root word of muckle, therefore other groups such as families and children would be missed out.The consequence of Sonia making her decisions on just the rock festival research could b e misleading as she has not acknowledge backn into consideration groups that may be her major customers. For example families may be her major target audience and if Sonia defines a decision based on a group other than the families she could release a non desirable flavour. If this does happen then it would mean that she could be releasing a flavour that is not in demand which would result in less sales and this less potential profits.It would also mean that her cost will rise through resultion and this would be wasted money as she may not be able to sell these intersection points. Secondly the response that Sonia may get from the people attending the rock festival may not be 100% accurate as they may not give the correct answers as they will compulsion to enjoy the event itself. For example Sonia may approach an attendee at the rock festival and ask them questions but they may not give eyeshot out answers as they are focalizationing on the music itself.If this does occur a nd Sonia does befool a decision on this information it could mean that she is making a growth which is based on incorrect data which could affect her sales which will make the released product less profitable. I ring that Sonia should not base her decisions solely based on the rock festival. I however do conjecture using a rule of primary research is a good start to making a decision but she could have thought out where the questionnaires would be conducted a little better. For example she could have done it in a soaring street where there is a chassis of people which would give her better feedback.For Sonia to base her decision solely on this it may result in her getting inaccurate results which would mean that the product released may not be as successful as it could be. I think that if Sonia motivations to make the product as establishive as it hatful be she should take do the primary research (questionnaire) in a more(prenominal) than than suitable place such as th e high up street. I also think that it should be use in conjunction with another(prenominal) shell of research such as the secondary research that she had collected before.By using both events of information it will give her more of an taking into custody as to what a customer wants and it would make her decision making march a lot more easy and accurate. 4) If Sonia decides to use a grocery store research mode to shadowvas the parvenue smoothie flavours, analyse two ways they might use a quota savour. Quota sampling is a sample take a crapd by gathering a predefined number of participants from from each one of several influence categories, for example choosing 25 people both from the categories anthropoid and female.There are some goods of using quota sampling one of which is that it clearly shows the demand from each of the categories. Sonia may want to decide to use a grocery research influence to investigate late smoothie flavours. I am going to analyse two reasons why they may use quota sampling whilst doing the research for Sonia. The first reason why the food market place research agency may use quota sampling is so that they posterior determine clearly what each group of people would like. For example once the research has been done using the groups male and female they crowd out determine what each group wants and tidy sum whole step at the rends. By having this geek of sampling it would give Sonia an idea of the wants of each group and she pile then make her decision based upon this. I think that this font of sampling would be very good for Sonia as the market she is entering is one which is different according to peoples personal perceptivenesss and by understanding what each category wants she can make a decision so that she can cater for exclusively of them. The second reason why quota sampling may be done is because it is a cheaper order as opposed to taster sampling.Taster sampling is when samples are presumptu ousness out to random customers to get their opinion on things, this agent that the be involved are very high as products are real given away. By doing quota sampling it means that the cost of actu wholey liberal out products is avoided, this would mean that the cost that Sonia has to pay the agency will be less meaning her be will perplex down. 5) Discuss methods of primary research the market research agency might use to investigate new smoothie flavours for Sonias smoothies.Primary research is one that is done and collected by yourself, primary research can be split into troika categories test marketing, surveys and observations, these can be then split even gain ground into the actual activities. There are some(prenominal) an(prenominal) an(prenominal) types of primary research that can be lightn and in this essay I am going to discuss some that the research agency may take up in order to investigate new smoothie flavours for Sonias smoothies. The first type of pri mary research that can be done is questionnaires these are types of surveys.This method is a very good way of getting back answers from the customers as it can be both qualitative information and quantative information. Questionnaires can be either done in person but can also be done through post. Questionnaires are the nigh common type and I think that for Sonia smoothies it would be a very good method as she can get a lot of feedback from potential customers. this information would give her a very good idea of what the customers will want and it would cooperate her make the correct decision.The correct decision will interne support her make profit as she knows she has the duty product for the right market. However whilst doing questionnaires they will have to make sure that they do not annoy the potential customers through a lot of ring calls etc as this could result in the business losing its re adjustation and potential sales. The second type of primary research that the m arket research agency may undertake is consumer panels. A consumer panel is a group meeting that is held whereby questions are asked and storied to give the results.The emolument of consumer panels is that the information is likely to be accurate as the people attending it will have a lot of measure to answer the questions meaning that they can tho approximately answer them. The disadvantage is that this type of research is that it may be more costly as the premise etc will have to be organised. This is a very good type of research as it allows qualitative information to be collected as well as opinions however I do not think that it is entirely suitable for Sonia smoothies as she does not necessarily need discussions to take place as all she wants is opinions of flavours and what customers want.Therefore I think that this method is not entirely suitable for Sonia smoothies. Another type of primary research that can be undertaken is taster sampling. This is when samples are given of the product and feedback is received by potential customers. This type of method is very good for a product that people will have different opinions on as it allows feedback from all types of people. Although there is a short term cost of actually producing these samples the broad term affect it could have is a positive one as it would mean that the right product is being sold to the customers and so change magnitude sales and profits.I think that this is a very suitable type of research that can be done by the market research agency as it would not only allow Sonia to get feedback for certain flavours it will also retrieveion shuffling awareness which would help her in the long run. Furthermore the market research agency may ask supermarkets about the surmount exchange smoothies in their stores. This is a method of primary research as it will be done by themselves. This is a middling cheap method of research as all it involves is contacting the supermarket with what t hey need.I think that this is a very good method of research for the market research agency to use as it will help Sonia identify which are the best interchange types of products and she could use this information whilst making hers. However Sonia wants to create a new smoothie flavour so copying other flavours may not necessarily be the best option. A way in which Sonia could avoid copying is to maybe mix the two top selling smoothies in the store for example mango and peach flavoured smoothie this would be different and unique. As a whole I think this method s fairly good in lot Sonia identify what flavours the customer tend to buy. As you can clear there are several(a) types or primary research methods that the market research agency can undertake for Sonia smoothies. I think Sonia should use a combination of these. Firstly she should use questionnaires to ask the potential customers what types of flavours that they would like. Once this is done she can begin to make the samp les for taster sampling which will then give her defacement reputation as well as the opinion of customers. By doing this it would hold that the research done is thorough helping her make her final decisions.As a whole I think to maximise effectiveness Sonia should use a combination of research methods to get a lot of peoples opinions. 6) Evaluate the immenseness of market research for Sonias smoothies LTD in making decisions over expansion. market research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular market. There are many ways to carry out market research. In this essay I will appreciate the importance of Sonias smoothies using market research and will give my opinion of how it should be carried out.Sonia smoothies has three man ways that she has identified so that the business can expand further, these are expanding geographically, by overtakeking to unfold through a wider range of outlets and lastly expanding the range of flavours that the y have. Firstly I am going to talk about the importance of using market research for the third work out of expanding its range of flavours. I think it is very important for Sonia smoothies to use market research as the smoothie market is one which is ever changing through new flavours and changing away factors such as health issues.By doing market research before releasing the product it would help the business understand the current market so that when they do release the new products they know that it is going to work in this market. By ensuring that the product being released is current it would help them amplification their sales and profits, intern this would also have a knock on effect on helping them to turn over their first sharpen of expanding geographically as they will now have the money to do so. Secondly having the arket research can not only be a method for the partnership to release new products but it can also increase brand awareness as doing things like taste r research will make people more aware of the company. If this happens then it could help them with their sales as people would be more aware and will be more confident in buying the product as they have already tasted it. By increasing the brand awareness it would mean that the sales will increase thus helping their profits. As you can see market research has more purpose for Sonia smoothies than just helping them to release new products.It is very important that Sonias smoothie takes out the necessary research so that they are successful in achieving their aims. Although market research brings a short term cost in the long run these costs will be covered by the success of the product depending on how well the research is done. Secondly is Sonia smoothies aim of distributing their products through a wider range of outlets than just health foods shops and events. There are many ways that market research will enable Sonia smoothies whilst making a decision as to what retailers to c onsume.Firstly market research can help them to choose the most effective shop. for example it can be used to see which shop has the least competition in it. By using market research to look at such things then it will help the success of the product as they will know that they do not have a lot of competition meaning that their product is more likely to be successful. This type of market research is vital as the market is always changing and the competition is always changing so for Sonia smoothies to have a competitive edge they will have to ensure that they have more sales.This is very important because if there are a lot of competitors it would reduce sales and intern come the amount of profits that are made. The second way that the market research may be used for this aim is to look at what retailers sell the most smoothies. By looking at this it will ensure that the smoothies that are made have the necessary demand. This is very important as it would ensure that sales can be made. Increased sales would mean bigger profits. however whilst doing this they will also have to look at the level of competition.As you can see market research is again very important in helping Sonia smoothies in their aim of expanding the number of retailers that they sell in. by increasing this it would help them increase brand awareness which will this increase the sales and profit. An increase in profit will help the business as it would mean that it will help them with their first aim of expanding geographically. furthestly Sonia smoothies has a aim of expanding the geographical area in which the smoothies are sold.This is linked to the second aim of selling through more retailers as that could help them do this. food market research again plays a vital role in making the decision as to where to expand. For example market research can be used to see where there are there is the spectacularst number of children for example (using children as Sonia smoothies main customers) by doing this it would give them a good perspective as to where there is a large number of their target audience. By having a lot of people that they can sell to it will increase their sales which will intern increase their profits. foodstuff research is very important in using this as the market is ever changing and there is no point of geographically expanding into an area where the sales are not likely to be high as it would be a waste of money. In conclusion the importance of market research is very high as it could help the business achieve all of their aims that they have set. All the aims are interlinked for example increasing the range of flavours and selling these flavours through more retailers would mean change magnitude sales, increased sales would result in higher(prenominal) profits which can then be used to fund for the geographical expansion.Because of this Sonia smoothies will have to ensure whilst doing the market research that it is done thoroughly, however they also have to keep an eye on the cost of the market research as they do not want to do it in such a depth where it costs them in any case much. If Sonia smoothies takes out the necessary market research then it could help them achieve all of their objectives of expansion, without market research the business cannot achieve their aims as effectively.Porters 5 ForcesPORTERS FIVE FORCES 4 Power of Suppliers Criteria aim operation on Power loading on proceeds Difference of Inputs mettlesome Increases descends Cost of chemise Suppliers gamey Increases Decreases holy terror of Forward integrating high school Increases Decreases Supplier Concentration amply Increases Decreases Difference of Inputs ? result differentiation in spite of appearance inputs in the technical schoolnical schoolnical school industry is largely dependent on how recently the input has been developed (the extent of which it is considered smashing edge). In cases where component innovations are the prop erty of the provider termss increase to compensate.However, in cases where products are low tech, some era(a) innovations, product differentiation is minimal. In some cases the differentiation between products may be so extreme that companies are forced to buy components from a direct competitor, just as apple purchased roughly $8 gazillion worth of parts from Samsung last year (Levine 2013). Since newer, more recent engine dwell is where the vast absolute majority of profits are in the tech sphere the level of difference of inputs is going to be considered high.This then increases the level of the negociate government agency of suppliers put hug on the companys profit margin. Cost of turn Suppliers ?Companies within the tech sector design their products close to certain components, impacting size, shape, weight and function. If a company is to change their component supplier then the product will have to be reengineered, costing the company time and resources that coul d be allocated elsewhere. These then threatens the companys ability to postulate, stay relevant and develop newer products in a market with a high product turnover rate.Thus companys have a high cost of geological fault suppliers, which in turn increases the negotiate power of suppliers which puts pressure on the buys margin and favourableness. little terror of Forward Integration ?Forward integration, the ability of a supplier to enter a put in of competition with their purchaser (Porters cardinal Forces 2012) is passing high in the tech sector. For instance, MSI and ASUS, two long time component suppliers have both entered a state of direct competition with companies such as HP and Dell, who they subdued supply components for (ASUS 2012).Because component suppliers often have a majority of all of needed parts to make the final product they can slowly enter the market, and while their products may not be on the cutting edge they are solid competitors. This threat of out front integration increases the dicker power of suppliers, which decreases the profitability of the buyer. Supplier Concentration ?Supplier concentration refers to the potentiality of market share the top suppliers in the industry have in relation to the total industry (Porter Model Suppliers 2010).Many of the larger tech companies have large market shares in their specific specialization, for instance Samsung has 97% of the world market share in OLEDs (Choi 2011), 40. 4% in drachma (Liu 2010), and 40. 4% in NAND flash (Samsung Expands 2012). ASUS currently controls 40% of the worlds motherboard market (ASUS 2012), while Intel controls 82. 3% of the global processor market (Shilov 2012). This extremely high supplier concentration results in a very large increase in supplier power, which drastically decreases buyer profitability. Summary The technology sector is preferably brutal on buyers when it comes to their relationship with suppliers, who have a disproportionate amount of bargain power with every category going in their favor. The difference in inputs, cost of geological fault suppliers, threat of forward integration and supplier concentration all favor an increase in supplier negociate power and a decrease in buyer profitability. With all these factors considered it comes as no surprise that many companies make and develop their own components or are previous suppliers who have undergone forward integration.Power of Buyers Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on mesh Product speciality Low Low Decreases Number of Buyers/Sellers soaring High Increases work shift be Low High Limits Profitability Access to Information High High Degreases Access to Information ?The more information the buyers have, the better the bargaining power they are in. With all of the product information that can be accessed via the Internet, it gives the buyers added bargaining power. The Internet is a powerful tool for consumers.Buyers can comfortably use the Internet to compare prices, features, packages, and find great deals at the time of a purchase. There are many buyers who use the internet to access information and the effect on power is very strong which leads to having change magnitude profitability for the whole industry. Switching Costs ?Buyers who can shed brands at any given time due to a low teddy cost have more leverage than buyers who have high switching costs. The switching costs for this industry are low and have a high effect on bargaining leverage for the buyer. This leads to having limiting profitability for the industry.It limits the profitability because in principle, it puts a cap on how much scramrs can raise or reduce quality before they will lose the buyers business. However, in a few cases the switching costs can be high. When buyers purchase a phone, they can be purchased at a low price but with that it comes with a 2 or 3 year contract with a given provider. If this contract is breached, large fees are ordinaril y acquired by the customer. During this contract if a customer would like to purchase a new phone then they will have to pay unspoilt price for their purchase if their provider does not allow non-contract purchases.Product Differentiation ?In certain industries buyers will make their selection based on prices &8212 which would increase price completion among companies. When the products are differentiated then the buyers options will be limited. Unfortunately, in the industry Samsung is currently in the product differentiation is low. This has a strong impact on buyer bargaining power and results in lower profitability. When we take a look at Samsungs Galaxy Tablet compared with the ipad, we can see many similarities among the two products.The price is very similar, size, as well as features, and even the assault and battery life. Number of Buyers ?In this industry, there are many buyers that it can attract. Since Samsung makes products such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, TVs , cameras, and much more they have many buyers since most of the items mentioned everyone has. The more buyers in a given industry results in more sellers the company will have to compete with and more alternatives a buyer can choose from. The larger the buyers as well as the number of sellers, means the customer is more important to the sellers business.Summary ?The overall buyer bargaining power for the industry that Samsung is in would be labeled as high. This creates a few challenges for Samsung as it makes the market very competitive, leaves little room for error, and creating a following for the company. With the buyers having most of the power the chances for profitability can be difficult to reach but Samsung has done a great blood reaching good profitability. They have handled the high effects of buyer bargaining power very well and have been gaining more buyer loyalty. curse of modestysCriteria Level Effect on Threat Effect on Profit Relative Price of Substitutes Low In creases Threat Decreases Profitability Relative mathematical operation of Substitutes High Increases Threat Decreases Profitability Switching Costs High Decrease Threat Increases Profitability Buyer Propensity to Substitute Low Decreases Threat Increases Profitability Relative Price of Substitutes ?When it comes to the price of substitutes in the electronics industry, it really depends on the particular product being considered, but overall, they are fairly low.For example, if somebody is looking to replace their laptop and is looking for a product that can satisfy their need to access the internet and communicate with others, they could consider purchase a tablet, which is fairly inexpensive compared to the price of some computers. (Spoonauer 2011) The low cost of substitutes increases the threat on businesses because they are at risk of losing customers to the businesses that are whirl lower priced substitutes. This loss of business would decrease their profitability. Relative Performance of Substitutes As with the price of substitutes, the performance of substitutes also depends on the particular products being considered, but overall the performance is fairly high. Technology has rapidly advanced passim the past few years, which has led companies to create devices that allow users to complete many tasks on one device, rather than have separate devices for each task. mortal that normally uses a laptop to access their email and chat with friends on social networking websites can now access those same things on a tablet, which is a much smaller and convenient device. Biggs 2011) The high performance of substitutes leads to increased threat, because customers are more likely to switch to a product that is high quality and extremely convenient. The increased threat would ultimately decrease the profitability, because it would be difficult for them to compete with a company that is offering a higher quality product. Switching Costs ?Depending on the individ ual customer, switching costs could be high or low. Switching costs tend to be high with electronics, because making the decision to purchase a new product commonly takes some time and research. Chen 2000) It is risky to purchase an electronic device without looking up product information and customer reviews beforehand. Switching costs can also be high because it takes time to get used to a new product and figure out all of the capabilities and features. This can be a time consuming as well as frustrating process. High switching costs leads to a decrease in overall threat, because many customers do not want to switch products if it involves a lot of time and effort. It is much easier to stick with a product that is familiar rather than try to learn something completely new.This will lead to an increase in profitability because customers wont want to switch to a new product offering from a different company. Buyer Propensity to Substitute ?Overall, buyer passion to substitute is f airly low, with a few exceptions. closely people are satisfied with the products they are using and are not looking to switch products all the time and look for the most recent technology. Many people who have laptops would never consider buying a tablet, because a laptop does everything a tablet does, minus the convenient size. moreover there are people who are always looking for the most echnologically advanced products and they are more than willing to substitute their products. Some people like the convenience of a tablet and would gladly replace their broad laptop with it. (Adhi Techno 2012) Because buyer propensity to substitute is fairly low, it decreases the threat of substitution, since most people dont have a need to switch out their current products. This ultimately increases profitability, because customers are remaining with that product rather than switching to a company that offers something else. Overall Threat of Substitution Overall, the threat of substitution h as roughly the same negative and positive impact on profitability. The low price and high performance of substitutes draws customers away from the business and encourages them to look to those substitutes to satisfy their needs, thus decreasing profitability. High switching costs and low buyer propensity to substitute have a positive impact on profitability, because customers would rather stick with their products rather than take the time and effort to find a new product to satisfy their needs. Threat of New Entrants Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on Profit Product Differentiation High HighHigh vicissitude of Competition Moderate Moderate Low Start-up Costs High High High Distribution High High High Product Differentiation ? accord to Randy Khoo, author of wherefore apple is very(prenominal) Afraid of Samsung, Samsung carries itself through many different production areas even though most people believe Samsung only dabbles in the electronics market. At this time Samsung has 6. 5% of the IT Hardware market share, 7. 1% of the peripheral market share, 8. 5% of the converged devices market share and 5. 2% of the personal computer market share (Khoo, R). This means that the companys ability to spread over a broad span of products is immense.According to Khoo, Samsungs power could one sidereal day take over Apples entire market share. Diversity of Competition ?According to the U. S. Patent and Trademark Offices records from 2011, Samsung use for the second most patents in the Nation. In 2011 alone, they applied for and were granted 4,868 patents, right behind International Business Machines Corporation, who were granted 6,148 patents. Samsungs closest competitor, Panasonic Corporation, raked onwards with 2,533 patents granted (Patenting by Organizations, 2011). Start-up Costs ?As for all electronics, start-up costs are extremely high.According to Craig Kuhn, author of Barriers to Entry, the start up costs for firms selling electronics are extremely h igh due to the amount of technology and materials needed to create a marketable product. ?Another aspect new firms need to think about is their incoming reputation when attempting to compete with very popular firms. These brisk firms are knowledgeable about the industry and already maintain relationships with report manufactures and the biggest retailers. These new firms need to infiltrate these relationships in order to make way into the market, which isnt easy (Kuhn, C).Distribution ?Randy Khoo, author of Why Apple is Very Afraid of Samsung, states that Samsungs ability to sell their products anywhere is enormous. Since Apple purely sells their products in their stores, through their website and through their strict distribution channels, Samsung has the ability to take over the market by selling their products anywhere that will approve them. Samsung also has an existing distribution network from their existing businesses. This is of tremendous economic valueThese distributio n channels will also be there for the prox dissemination of other Samsung products.This means that if they want to, its easy for them to market more than just electronics (Khoo, R). Intensity of Rivalry Supposed to have quaternion criteria. Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on Profit Product Differentiation High Decrease Power Increase Switching Cost High Decrease Power Increase Diversity of Competitors High Decrease Power Increase Cost Product differentiation ?According to Arthur Thompson, in his article, Crafting and Executing Strategy, the essence if a broad differentiation scheme is to be unique in way that are valuable to a wide range of customers (Thompson 2010).He also mentioned that, a focused strategy to focus keyed to differentiation aim at securing a competitive advantage with product offering carefully designed to appeal to the unique preference and needs of a narrow, well defined group of buyers (Thompson 2010). Broadly, Samsung faces many competitors who produc e a wide range of electrical appliances. They have competitors like LG, Panasonic, GE and so on. In a small niche, differentiation is still a major factor that influences the sales of certain products.For example, in the cellular telephone phone industry, there is a lot of differentiation constantly appearing in the cell phone competition, because differentiation can gain more advantage to their products. Therefore, the more differentiation their rivals make on their products, the less power Samsung has, and the more they will have to increase the cost of their phones. Switching cost ?The majority of Samsungs products are electrical appliances which require relatively high switching cost. According to Samsung, the common price of high tech products, like cell phone or tablet, is somewhat $500.The price of big electrical appliances is usually more than $1,000 (Samsung, 2012). Compared to other low switching cost products, the majority of Samsungs products have higher switching cost s. Also, the life cycle of those products are long, which means as long as customers buy the products, it is not easy for them to switch. Therefore, there will be more competition to attract customers. That would decrease Samsungs power, and they would drive up cost to make their products more attractive. Diversity of competitors ?There are many competitors in the electrical appliance industry.In the high tech industry, there are also many different competing companies. Apple is one of the main competitors in the high tech industry. According to Vaughan-Nichols, Apple has sued Samsung around the world. Apple has made the same lousy patent design claims Samsung has stolen the look and feel of its iPhone and iPad (Vaughan-Nichols 2012). The more competitors an industry has, the more the companies will spend to compete against rivals. Apple is only one of those competitors. As the industry becomes more mature, the variation of competitors becomes wider. Therefore, the effectiveness of Samsungs power in the industry will decrease.In addition, the more competitors the industry has, the more money each competitor will put into the production and marketing of goods in order to increase brand identity element and image. Therefore, the cost goes up. Overall Power of Rivalry ?Overall, the power of rivalry would have a negative effect on Samsung. The influence would be losing power in the market and driving up costs. The major influence from rivalries would be differentiation of products, high switching costs and diversity of competitors. RESOURCES Adhi Techno (2012) Top Five Reasons Tablets Will Substitute Laptops, Cellular Cell phones, and Pcs Accessed 15 February 2013. ttp//adhi-id. blogspot. com/2012/04/top-five- reasons-tablets-will. hypertext mark-up language. ASUS, ASUS. Last circumscribed 2012. Accessed February 18, 2013. http//www. asus. com/About_ASUS/ determinations_in_History_ASUS_Motherboards/. 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